Carotenoids and Periodontal Infection

Abstract

Periodontitis is a polymicrobial infectious disease that leads to inflammation of the gingiva, resulting in teeth loss by various causes such as inflammation-mediated bone resorption. Recently, many investigators have reported that the periodontitis resulting from persistent low-grade infection of Gram-negative bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) is associated with increased atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, and other systemic diseases through blood stream. On the other hand, carotenoids belong among phytochemicals that are responsible for different colors of the foods. It is important to examine whether carotenoids are effective to the inhibition of periodontal infection/inflammation cascades. This review summarizes the advanced state of knowledge about suppression of periodontal infection by several carotenoids. A series of findings suggest that carotenoids intake may provide novel strategy for periodontitis treatment, although further study will be needed.

Effects of carotenoids on mitochondrial dysfunction

“…However, a recent meta-analysis study concluded that β-carotene supplementation has no beneficial or harmful effect on cancer incidence [ 36 ]. Carotenoids have potential to improve general dental health where local or systemic use of lycopene has shown improvements in periodontal health [ 37 , 38 ]. A protective role of carotenoids against kidney disease has been linked to its ability to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, which are key factors in the development and progression of renal disorders.…”

Association between Dietary Habit and Clinical Parameters in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis Undergoing Supportive Periodontal Therapy

“…The relationship between multiple nutritional factors and the periodontal condition has been investigated, with most studies reporting the attenuation of periodontal resistance to pathogens resulting from nutritional imbalances, such as a lack of vitamin C [ 15 ], vitamin E [ 12 ], or carotenoids. The results in those studies were attributed to antioxidant effects and the association of calcium and magnesium with bone metabolism [ 16 ]. However, these etiological studies have utilized a considerable number of patients with/without periodontitis who underwent periodontal examination with partially measured sites.…”