Suppressing the Epidemic in New South Wales

McAnulty, Jeremy; Ward, Kate

doi:10.1056/nejmc2011592

Cited by 52 publications

(58 citation statements)

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“…Also similar to the US, important elements of pandemic response were devolved to individual states, but border control is the responsibility of the central federal government. Australia had reported 300 confirmed cases on March 15 when it imposed a closure of its borders to non-Australian citizens, which was augmented by a mandatory 14-day, supervised quarantine in a hotel for all international arrivals (including Australian citizens), aggressive testing and contact tracing, and population-wide adherence to social distancing guidelines [ 23 ]. Following these local containment measures Australia saw no explosive COVID-19 case surges through the Southern hemisphere winter.…”

Section: Control Of Borders: Entry Of the Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19: US federal accountability for entry, spread, and inequities—lessons for the future

et al. 2020

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The United States (US) has been among those nations most severely affected by the first—and subsequent—phases of the pandemic of COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. With only 4% of the worldwide population, the US has seen about 22% of COVID-19 deaths. Despite formidable advantages in resources and expertise, presently the per capita mortality rate is over 585/million, respectively 2.4 and 5 times higher compared to Canada and Germany. As we enter Fall 2020, the US is enduring ongoing outbreaks across large regions of the country. Moreover, within the US, an early and persistent feature of the pandemic has been the disproportionate impact on populations already made vulnerable by racism and dangerous jobs, inadequate wages, and unaffordable housing, and this is true for both the headline public health threat and the additional disastrous economic impacts. In this article we assess the impact of missteps by the Federal Government in three specific areas: the introduction of the virus to the US and the establishment of community transmission; the lack of national COVID-19 workplace standards and enforcement, and lack of personal protective equipment (PPE) for workplaces as represented by complaints to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) which we find are correlated with deaths 16 days later (ρ = 0.83); and the total excess deaths in 2020 to date already total more than 230,000, while COVID-19 mortality rates exhibit severe—and rising—inequities in race/ethnicity, including among working age adults.

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Section: Control Of Borders: Entry Of the Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19: US federal accountability for entry, spread, and inequities—lessons for the future

et al. 2020

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“…Those that intervened early effectively stopped the disease transmission. 213 What is the basic reproduction number (R0) of SARS-CoV-2?…”

Section: Section 8: Vaccine Development For Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

A compendium answering over 140 questions on COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2

Riggioni

Comberiati

Giovannini

et al. 2020

Preprint

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In December 2019, China reported the first cases of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This disease, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has developed into a pandemic. To date it has resulted in~5.6 million confirmed cases and caused 353,334 related deaths worldwide. Unequivocally, the COVID-19 pandemic is the gravest health and socioeconomic crisis of our time. In this context, numerous questions have emerged in demand of basic scientific information and evidence-based medical advice on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Although the majority of the patients show a very mild, self-limiting viral respiratory disease, many clinical manifestations in severe patients are unique to COVID-19, such as severe lymphopenia and eosinopenia, extensive pneumonia, a "cytokine storm" leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome, endothelitis, thrombo-embolic complications and multiorgan failure. The epidemiologic features of COVID-19 are distinctive and have changed throughout the pandemic. Vaccine and drug development studies and clinical trials are rapidly growing at an unprecedented speed. However, basic and clinical research on COVID-19-related topics should be based on more coordinated high-quality studies. This paper answers pressing questions, formulated by young clinicians and scientists, on SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and allergy, focusing on the following topics: virology, immunology, diagnosis, management of patients with allergic disease and asthma, treatment, clinical trials, drug discovery, vaccine development and epidemiology. Over 140 questions were answered by experts in the field providing a comprehensive and practical overview of COVID-19 and allergic disease.

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“…Australian federal and state governments' early implementation of travel restrictions and physical distancing measures were initially successful in controlling COVID-19 case numbers [8]; however, in the first week of July 2020, nearly 1000 new cases of COVID-19 were identified in Victoria, almost half of which may indicate community transmission [9]. While these increases in the rates of transmission are low compared with elsewhere in the world [10], the potential for intensive care services to become overwhelmed exists and would require major adjustments in service design and delivery, potentially over a sustained period [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical care pandemic staffing framework in Australia

Marshall

Austin

Chamberlain

et al. 2021

Australian Critical Care

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Background: Pandemics and the large-scale outbreak of infectious disease can significantly impact morbidity and mortality worldwide. The impact on intensive care resources can be significant and often require modification of service delivery, a key element which includes rapid expansion of the critical care workforce. Pandemics are also unpredictable, which necessitates rapid decision-making and action which, in the lack of experience and guidance, may be extremely challenging. Recognising the potential strain on intensive care units (ICUs), particularly on staffing, a working group was formed for the purpose of developing recommendations to support decision-making during rapid service expansion. Methods: The Critical Care Pandemic Staffing Working Party (n ¼ 21), representing nursing, allied health, and medical disciplines, has used a modified consensus approach to provide recommendations to inform multidisciplinary workforce capacity expansion planning in critical care. Results: A total of 60 recommendations have been proposed which reflect general recommendations as well as those specific to maintaining the critical care workforce, expanding the critical care workforce, rostering and allocation of the critical care workforce, nurse-specific recommendations for staffing the ICU, education support and training during ICU surge situations, workforce support, models of care, and de-escalation. Conclusion: These recommendations are provided with the intent that they be used to guide interdisciplinary decision-making, and we suggest that careful consideration is given to the local context to determine which recommendations are most appropriate to implement and how they are prioritised. Ongoing evaluation of recommendation implementation and impact will be necessary, particularly in rapidly changing clinical contexts.

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Suppressing the Epidemic in New South Wales

Cited by 52 publications

References 0 publications

COVID-19: US federal accountability for entry, spread, and inequities—lessons for the future

COVID-19: US federal accountability for entry, spread, and inequities—lessons for the future

A compendium answering over 140 questions on COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2

A critical care pandemic staffing framework in Australia

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