Supportless Pt and PtPd Nanotubes as Electrocatalysts for Oxygen‐Reduction Reactions

Chen, Zhongwei; Waje, Mahesh; Li, Wenzhen; Yan, Yushan

doi:10.1002/anie.200700894

Cited by 815 publications

(732 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Figure 4(a) and (b) show the RDE voltammogram curves recorded in the new-made electrode and with 1000 CVs cycles at the Pt/C and NGNSs-900 electrodes respectively. The Pt/C shows a drastic decrease on limited current density accompanied with an obvious negative shift of onset potential with cycling, which could be attributed to the poison effect and loss of electrochemical surface area [26]. In stark contrast, the NGNSs-900 electrode displays a very slight change of voltammogram curve within 1000 cycles, highlighting that the NGNSs-900 did possess a superior long-term stability to the Pt/C catalysts.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Nitrogen-doped graphene nanosheets as high efficient catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction

Zou

et al. 2012

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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It is of great significance in exploring alternative catalysts to platinum (Pt)-based materials for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), because this reaction is invariably involved in various fuel cells and metal-air batteries. We herein reported the nitrogen doped graphene nanosheets (NGNSs) with pore volume of as high as 3.42 m 3 /g and investigated their potential application as ORR catalysts, it was demonstrated the NGNSs featured high activity, improved kinetics and excellent long-term stability for ORR. The NGNSs were successfully used as cathode catalysts of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and performed even better than the commercial Pt/C (Pt 10%) catalysts at the maximum power output.nitrogen doped graphene, oxygen reduction reaction, cathode catalysts, microbial fuel cell Citation:Ci S Q, Wu Y M, Zou J P, et al. Nitrogen-doped graphene nanosheets as high efficient catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Nitrogen-doped graphene nanosheets as high efficient catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction

Zou

et al. 2012

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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“…In addition, the unsupported Pt and PtPd nanotubes (PtNTs and PtPdNTs) 26 displayed enhanced ORR activity and stability when used as electrocatalysts. Driven by the promising ORR performance of such catalysts, researchers have recently accelerated their work on morphology and shape-controlled Pt-based catalysts.…”

Section: Developments Of the Synthetic Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chen et al 26 reported on the synthesis of supportless Pt and PtPd nanotubes (PtNTs and PtPdNTs) and the use of these as electrocatalysts for the ORR. Some improvements in both activity and stability were observed.…”

Section: Current Status-dimensional Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructured Pt-alloy electrocatalysts for PEM fuel cell oxygen reduction reaction

et al. 2010

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In this critical review, we present the current technological advances in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell catalysis, with a focus on strategies for developing nanostructured Pt-alloys as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The achievements are reviewed and the major challenges, including high cost, insufficient activity and low stability, are addressed and discussed. The nanostructured Pt-alloy catalysts can be grouped into different clusters: (i) Pt-alloy nanoparticles, (ii) Pt-alloy nanotextures such as Pt-skins/monolayers on top of base metals, and (iii) branched or anisotropic elongated Pt or Pt-alloy nanostructures. Although some Pt-alloy catalysts with advanced nanostructures have shown remarkable activity levels, the dissolution of metals, including Pt and alloyed base metals, in a fuel cell operating environment could cause catalyst degradation, and still remains an issue. Another concern may be low retention of the nanostructure of the active catalyst during fuel cell operation. To facilitate further efforts in new catalyst development, several research directions are also proposed in this paper (130 references).

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“…At elevated temperature, formation of larger clusters indicated that higher temperature enhanced the relative population of stable particles by degradation of other lessstable particles and reunited them via thermal degradation as shown in Scheme 1 [37]. This can be explained with Ostwald ripening process, which is a thermodynamically driven spontaneous process because larger particles are more energetically stable than the smaller one [38,39]. As the system tries to lower its overall energy, molecules on the surface of small (energetically unfavorable) particles will tend to detach and diffuse through the solution and then attach to the surface of larger particles.…”

Section: Optimization Of Reduction Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimized reduction conditions for the microfluidic synthesis of 1.3 ± 0.3 nm Pt clusters

Hossain

Rahman²,

Ali

et al. 2015

J Nanostruct Chem

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Recently, small (\2 nm) and monodispersed Pt clusters has gained much attention due to their high catalytic activity in the aerobic oxidations. However, the chemical synthesis of small Pt clusters is not trivial; high temperature is often required to completely reduce the Pt 4?/2? ions to Pt 0 , which accelerates the growth of the Pt clusters. Here, we discussed a very simple microfluidic reduction of Pt 4? to Pt 0 by NaBH 4 in the presence of PVP that produces \2 nm Pt clusters in any variable reduction conditions. The microfluidic reduction conditions were optimized for the synthesis of possible smallest Pt clusters in terms of five reaction parameters: (1) temperature, (2) concentration of H 2 PtCl 6 , (3) molar ratio of NaBH 4 to Pt 4? ions, (4) molar ratio of PVP-monomer to Pt 4? ions, and (5) molecular weight/chain length of PVP. We found that possible smallest particles with average diameter 1.3 ± 0.3 nm were produced when aqueous solutions of H 2 PtCl 6 (4 mM) and NaBH 4 (40 mM) containing PVP (160 mM) were injected into the micromixer placed in an icebath at a flow rate of 200 mL/h. The produced particles were characterized by UV-visible absorption spectrophotometry, powder X-ray diffractometry and transmission electron microscopy.

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Supportless Pt and PtPd Nanotubes as Electrocatalysts for Oxygen‐Reduction Reactions

Cited by 815 publications

References 23 publications

Nitrogen-doped graphene nanosheets as high efficient catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction

Nitrogen-doped graphene nanosheets as high efficient catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction

Nanostructured Pt-alloy electrocatalysts for PEM fuel cell oxygen reduction reaction

Optimized reduction conditions for the microfluidic synthesis of 1.3 ± 0.3 nm Pt clusters

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