Supporting Metropolitan Venice Coastline Climate Adaptation. A Multi-Vulnerability and Exposure Assessment Approach

Revisiting Urban Resilience: A Systematic Review of Multiple-Scale Urban Form Indicators in Flood Resilience Assessment

“…There is a negative correlation between vulnerability and resilience, as vulnerability decreases, resilience increases, and vice versa. Vulnerability refers to the susceptibility of individuals, communities, or systems to harm or adverse impacts stemming from various factors such as socioeconomic disparities, environmental degradation, or inadequate infrastructure [21,[52][53][54]. According to the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR), 2015-2030, assessing vulnerability is a significant stage in disaster risk management and reinforcing resilience [55,56].…”

“…This diversity can improve FR by dispersing water force and reducing concentrated flow or infrastructure damage. Irregular patch shapes can provide natural flood storage areas or retention zones, allowing water to be temporarily held and gradually released, thus mitigating peak flows downstream [21,22]. Lots size significantly impacts FR, as fine-grained lots manage flood risks better than larger ones.…”

“…A large ensemble of numerical simulations revealed that 64% (14 of 22 events) of floods analyzed in 2010-2013 were affected by anthropogenic climate change [18]. Another reason for flooding is human activities like rapid expansion, unsustained densification in flood-prone communities, land cover changes, aging drainage systems, and disinvestments in hazardous districts [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. For several decades, structural measures have been widely used in flood-proofing; however, these measures have shown weaknesses.…”