Supported Core/Shell Bimetallic Nanoparticles Synthesis by Atomic Layer Deposition

Weber, Matthieu; Mackus, Adriaan J. M.; Verheijen, Marcel A.; Marel, C. van der; Kessels, W.M.M.

doi:10.1021/cm301206e

Cited by 151 publications

(184 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This innovative method is a two-step process that makes use of the island growth during the initial stage of metal ALD in order to deposit the core material and of a selective ALD process to cover these cores with a shell of another metal. We presented and reported this general strategy by synthesizing supported Pt/Pd and Pd/Pt core/shell NPs on metal oxides surfaces [36]. Lu et al recently adopted and extended this method by preparing core/shell NPs with different combinations of noble metals, including Pd, Pt and Ru supported on metal oxides [37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been found that the area selectivity of an ALD process toward specific materials, such as noble metals, can be achieved by tuning the process parameters, e.g. the temperature [40], the pressure [41], the nature of the coreactant or combinations thereof [36,37]. Key for these selective ALD processes of noble metals, such as Pt and Pd, is their catalytic activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sub-nanometer dimensions control of core/shell nanoparticles prepared by atomic layer deposition

et al. 2015

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, W. M. M. (2015). Sub-nanometer dimensions control of core/shell nanoparticles prepared by atomic layer deposition. Nanotechnology, 26(9), 094002-1/11. [094002]. DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/9/094002 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.• You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Bimetallic core/shell nanoparticles (NPs) are the subject of intense research due to their unique electronic, optical and catalytic properties. Accurate and independent control over the dimensions of both core and shell would allow for unprecedented catalytic performance. Here, we demonstrate that both core and shell dimensions of Pd/Pt core/shell nanoparticles (NPs) supported on Al 2 O 3 substrates can be controlled at the sub-nanometer level by using a novel strategy based on atomic layer deposition (ALD). From the results it is derived that the main conditions for accurate dimension control of these core/shell NPs are: (i) a difference in surface energy between the deposited core metal and the substrate to obtain island growth; (ii) a process yielding linear growth of the NP cores with ALD cycles to obtain monodispersed NPs with a narrow size distribution; (iii) a selective ALD process for the shell metal yielding a linearly increasing thickness to obtain controllable shell growth exclusively on the cores. For Pd/Pt core/ shell NPs it is found that a minimum core diameter of 1 nm exists above which the NP cores are able to catalytically dissociate the precursor molecules for shell growth. In addition, initial studies on the stability of these core/shell NPs have been carried out, and it has been demonstrated that core/shell NPs can be deposited by ALD on high aspect ratio substrates such as nanowire arrays. These achievements show therefore that ALD has significant potential for the preparation of tuneable heterogeneous catalyst systems.S Online supplementary data available from stacks.iop.org/NANO/26/094002/mmedia

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sub-nanometer dimensions control of core/shell nanoparticles prepared by atomic layer deposition

et al. 2015

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“…[55][56][57] Kessels and coworkers reported that when the O 2 partial pressure decreased to 7.5 mTorr, the growth of Pt on Al 2 O 3 was inhibited. 36 No Pt growth was observed on Al 2 O 3 surface even after 600 cycles. While under such condition, Pt could still initiate its growth on Pd without delay and form core shell structure exclusively.…”

Section: Core Shell Catalytic Structuresmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The preparation of core shell nanoparticles with three strategies and their applications will be reviewed initially. [34][35][36] Consequently, oxide overcoating catalysts fabricated via selective ALD are discussed. The discontinuous coating structures range from random porous coating to more ordered structures, such as selective deposition on edges sites or facets are highlighted in this section.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review Article: Catalysts design and synthesis via selective atomic layer deposition

Cao

Cai

Liu

et al. 2017

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films

103

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Tailoring catalysts with atomic level control over active sites and composite structures is of great importance for advanced catalysis. This review focuses on the recent development of area selective atomic layer deposition (ALD) methods in composite catalysts design and synthesis. By adjusting and optimizing the area selective ALD processes, several catalytic structures are developed, including core shell structures, discontinuous overcoating structures, and embedded structures. The detailed synthesis strategies for these designed structures are reviewed, where the related selective approaches are highlighted and analyzed. In addition, the catalytic performance of such structures, including activity, selectivity, and stability, is discussed. Finally, a summary and outlook of area selective ALD for catalysts synthesis and applications is given.

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“…30,31 The atomic layer deposition (ALD) method for Pt deposition on CNTs is a dry, gas phase process and possesses several advantages such as good deposition uniformity, feasible ultrafine size, and easy loading control. These characteristics make ALD an ideally suitable method to prepare nanocatalysts with high specific catalytic activity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Methanol Oxidation with Annealed Atomic Layer Deposited Platinum Nanoparticles on Carbon Nanotubes

Clancey

Liu

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Platinum (Pt) decorated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) nanocatalysts (Pt/CNTs) were successfully prepared by an atomic layer deposition (ALD) method. Increased ratios of D to G band with increasing ALD cycles in Raman spectra suggested an interaction between Pt nanoparticles (NPs) and CNTs as well as increased Pt loadings. The absence of the Pt peaks in XRD before and after thermal annealing treatment demonstrated an ultra-small Pt NPs size. TEM revealed a perfect distribution of the ultra-small Pt NPs on the tube wall surface with different ALD cycles and an agglomeration of Pt NPs was observed when increasing the annealing temperature. Increased peak current density (jp) values in CV (25 cycles, denoted as Pt/CNTs-25C, 40.89 mA/mgPt, 50 cycles, Pt/CNTs-50C, 667.6 mA/mgPt and 100 cycles, Pt/CNTs-100C, 1205.7 mA/mgPt) were obtained toward the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) with increasing the ALD cycles. 100 and 300°C hydrogen annealed Pt/CNTs-50C (denoted as Pt/CNTs-50C-100A and Pt/CNTs-50C-300A) gave increased and decreased jp values (1200 and 800 mA/mgPt) due to the positive hydrogen reduction of Pt(II)/Pt(IV) species and the negative Pt NPs agglomeration. Pt/CNTs-100C-100A exhibited the highest jp value (2000 mA/mgPt) after applying the optimal 100°C annealing treatment, enabling it an excellent candidate for MOR application.

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Supported Core/Shell Bimetallic Nanoparticles Synthesis by Atomic Layer Deposition

Cited by 151 publications

References 33 publications

Sub-nanometer dimensions control of core/shell nanoparticles prepared by atomic layer deposition

Sub-nanometer dimensions control of core/shell nanoparticles prepared by atomic layer deposition

Review Article: Catalysts design and synthesis via selective atomic layer deposition

Enhanced Methanol Oxidation with Annealed Atomic Layer Deposited Platinum Nanoparticles on Carbon Nanotubes

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