Support from the underground: Induced plant resistance depends on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Kempel, Anne; Schmidt, Antje K.; Brandl, Roland; Schädler, Martin

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01647.x

Cited by 108 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Recently, Kempel et al (2010) confirmed earlier work that mycorrhizal colonization increased plant and aboveground herbivore (caterpillar) performance; but after inducing resistance due to short-term herbivory, the beneficial effect of mycorrhizal colonization on plant and herbivore performance disappeared. The authors concluded that plant defence against herbivory depends on AMF due to the allocation of resources into defence compounds, and pointed to the relevance of AMF-induced plant resistance.…”

Section: Mycorrhizal Fungisupporting

confidence: 64%

Aboveground–belowground interactions as a source of complementarity effects in biodiversity experiments

2011

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Background The positive relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) is due mainly to complementarity between species. Most BEF studies primarily focused on plant interactions; however, plants are embedded in a dense network of multitrophic interactions above and below the ground, which are likely to play a crucial role in BEF relationships. Scope In the present review I point out the relevance of aboveground-belowground interactions as a source of complementarity effects in grassland biodiversity experiments. A review of the current knowledge on the role of decomposers, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, rhizobia, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, invertebrate ecosystem engineers, herbivores, pathogens and predators in biodiversity experiments, indicates that soil biota can drive both positive and negative complementarity between plant species via a multitude of mechanisms. Conclusions I pose four main processes by which aboveground-belowground interactions determine positive complementarity effects: enlarging biotope space, mediating legume effects, increasing plant community resistance, and maintaining plant diversity. By contrast, soil biota may also reinforce negative complementarity effects by competing with plants for nutrients or by exerting herbivore or pathogen pressure, thereby reducing community productivity. Thus, considering aboveground-belowground interactions as well as interactions between antagonistic and mutualistic consumers may improve the mechanistic understanding of complementarity effects in plant diversity-ecosystem functioning experiments and should inspire future research.

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Section: Mycorrhizal Fungisupporting

confidence: 64%

Aboveground–belowground interactions as a source of complementarity effects in biodiversity experiments

2011

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“…Since soil communities include pathogens, parasites, and herbivores as well as beneficial groups ( e.g . mycorrhizae, rhizobia) [14], [15], the overall impact of soil biota on plant performance will reflect the net effect of both negative and positive interactions [16]. Strong negative impacts of soil microbial communities on invasive plants have mostly been observed in natural population of these plants growing in their native ranges [11], [17] indicating that negative interactions are relatively stronger than beneficial ones [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chinese Tallow Trees (Triadica sebifera) from the Invasive Range Outperform Those from the Native Range with an Active Soil Community or Phosphorus Fertilization

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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Two mechanisms that have been proposed to explain success of invasive plants are unusual biotic interactions, such as enemy release or enhanced mutualisms, and increased resource availability. However, while these mechanisms are usually considered separately, both may be involved in successful invasions. Biotic interactions may be positive or negative and may interact with nutritional resources in determining invasion success. In addition, the effects of different nutrients on invasions may vary. Finally, genetic variation in traits between populations located in introduced versus native ranges may be important for biotic interactions and/or resource use. Here, we investigated the roles of soil biota, resource availability, and plant genetic variation using seedlings of Triadica sebifera in an experiment in the native range (China). We manipulated nitrogen (control or 4 g/m2), phosphorus (control or 0.5 g/m2), soil biota (untreated or sterilized field soil), and plant origin (4 populations from the invasive range, 4 populations from the native range) in a full factorial experiment. Phosphorus addition increased root, stem, and leaf masses. Leaf mass and height growth depended on population origin and soil sterilization. Invasive populations had higher leaf mass and growth rates than native populations did in fresh soil but they had lower, comparable leaf mass and growth rates in sterilized soil. Invasive populations had higher growth rates with phosphorus addition but native ones did not. Soil sterilization decreased specific leaf area in both native and exotic populations. Negative effects of soil sterilization suggest that soil pathogens may not be as important as soil mutualists for T. sebifera performance. Moreover, interactive effects of sterilization and origin suggest that invasive T. sebifera may have evolved more beneficial relationships with the soil biota. Overall, seedlings from the invasive range outperformed those from the native range, however, an absence of soil biota or low phosphorus removed this advantage.

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“…There is accumulating knowledge suggesting AMF as a critical factor for plant resistance to aboveground herbivory (Koricheva et al, 2009;Kempel et al, 2010). Priming of jasmonate-regulated defense mechanisms of plants could be an explanation for mycorrhiza-induced resistance (Pozo and AzconAguilar, 2007;Kempel et al, 2010). Indirect defenses of plants against aboveground herbivores may also be induced by AMF through altering volatile profiles to attract parasitoids (Guerrieri et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This could be due to changes in plant defensive chemicals induced by AMF root colonization (Koricheva et al, 2009). There is accumulating knowledge suggesting AMF as a critical factor for plant resistance to aboveground herbivory (Koricheva et al, 2009;Kempel et al, 2010). Priming of jasmonate-regulated defense mechanisms of plants could be an explanation for mycorrhiza-induced resistance (Pozo and AzconAguilar, 2007;Kempel et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Independent role of belowground organisms and plant cultivar diversity in legume-grass communities

Guo

Petermann

Schittko

et al. 2015

Applied Soil Ecology

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Support from the underground: Induced plant resistance depends on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Cited by 108 publications

References 64 publications

Aboveground–belowground interactions as a source of complementarity effects in biodiversity experiments

Aboveground–belowground interactions as a source of complementarity effects in biodiversity experiments

Chinese Tallow Trees (Triadica sebifera) from the Invasive Range Outperform Those from the Native Range with an Active Soil Community or Phosphorus Fertilization

Independent role of belowground organisms and plant cultivar diversity in legume-grass communities

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