Supplementation with a Soluble Beta-Glucan Exported from Shiitake Medicinal Mushroom, Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Singer Mycelium: a Crossover, Placebo-Controlled Study in Healthy Elderly

Gaullier, Jean-Michel; Sleboda, Jowita; Øfjord, Erik Snorre; Ulvestad, Elling; Nurminiemi, Minna; Moe, Cecilie; Tor, Albrektsen; Gudmundsen, Ola

doi:10.1615/intjmedmushr.v13.i4.10

Cited by 38 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Second, immune effects have particularly been investigated with respect to immune effector cells, not innate immune cells, and included both humoral as well as cellular immunity. For example, a 6-week intervention with the βglucan lentinan resulted in a significant increase in B cell numbers in blood [84]. This increase in B cell numbers matches reported increases in IgA levels in saliva in three other independent studies [80,85,86].…”

Section: Immune Effects Of β-Glucans In Healthy Humans and Cancer Patsupporting

confidence: 66%

Consumption of β-glucans to spice up T cell treatment of tumors: a review

Graaff

Govers

Wichers

et al. 2018

Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy

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Adoptive T-cell treatments of solid cancers have evolved into a robust therapy with objective response rates surpassing those of standardized treatments. Unfortunately, only a limited fraction of patients shows durable responses, which is considered to be due to a T cell-suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Here we argue that naturally occurring β-glucans can enable reversion of such T cell suppression by engaging innate immune cells and enhancing numbers and function of lymphocyte effectors. Areas covered: This review summarizes timely reports with respect to absorption, trafficking and immune stimulatory effects of β-glucans, particularly in relation to innate immune cells. Furthermore, we list effects toward well-being and immune functions in healthy subjects as well as cancer patients treated with orally administered β-glucans, extended with effects of β-glucan treatments in mouse cancer models. Expert opinion: Beta-glucans, when present in food and following uptake in the proximal gut, stimulate immune cells present in gut-associated lymphoid tissue and initiate highly conserved pro-inflammatory pathways. When tested in mouse cancer models, β-glucans result in better control of tumor growth and shift the TME toward a T cell-sensitive environment. Along these lines, we advocate that intake of β-glucans provides an accessible and immune-potentiating adjuvant when combined with adoptive T-cell treatments of cancer.

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Section: Immune Effects Of β-Glucans In Healthy Humans and Cancer Patsupporting

confidence: 66%

Consumption of β-glucans to spice up T cell treatment of tumors: a review

Graaff

Govers

Wichers

et al. 2018

Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy

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show abstract

“…This study confirms the ability of polysaccharides to induce apoptosis and other forms of cancer cell death through immunological mechanisms [ 190 ]. It is also noteworthy that daily consumption of Lentinula edodes improved immunity in healthy young adults and that oral consumption of soluble β-glucans was safe in elderly healthy adults and seemed to induce an increase in the number of circulating β-cells [ 191 ].…”

Section: Anticancer Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mushroom Polysaccharides: Chemistry and Antiobesity, Antidiabetes, Anticancer, and Antibiotic Properties in Cells, Rodents, and Humans

Friedman

2016

Foods

258

150

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More than 2000 species of edible and/or medicinal mushrooms have been identified to date, many of which are widely consumed, stimulating much research on their health-promoting properties. These properties are associated with bioactive compounds produced by the mushrooms, including polysaccharides. Although β-glucans (homopolysaccharides) are believed to be the major bioactive polysaccharides of mushrooms, other types of mushroom polysaccharides (heteropolysaccharides) also possess biological properties. Here we survey the chemistry of such health-promoting polysaccharides and their reported antiobesity and antidiabetic properties as well as selected anticarcinogenic, antimicrobial, and antiviral effects that demonstrate their multiple health-promoting potential. The associated antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulating activities in fat cells, rodents, and humans are also discussed. The mechanisms of action involve the gut microbiota, meaning the polysaccharides act as prebiotics in the digestive system. Also covered here are the nutritional, functional food, clinical, and epidemiological studies designed to assess the health-promoting properties of polysaccharides, individually and as blended mixtures, against obesity, diabetes, cancer, and infectious diseases, and suggestions for further research. The collated information and suggested research needs might guide further studies needed for a better understanding of the health-promoting properties of mushroom polysaccharides and enhance their use to help prevent and treat human chronic diseases.

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“…Gaullier et al . reported that soluble β-glucan from Lentinus edodes increased the number of B cells, but did not change the number of NK cells, when orally administered for 6 weeks in healthy elderly people (Gaullier et al ., 2011). Masuda et al showed that highly purified, soluble β(1,3)(1,6)-glucan obtained from Grifola frondosa rapidly induced GM-CSF production through dectin-1-independent ERK and p38 MAPK activation.…”

Section: Structure-activity Relationship Of β-Glucansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulation of Fungal β-Glucan in Host Defense Signaling by Dectin-1

Batbayar¹,

Lee²,

Kim³

2012

Biomolecules and Therapeutics

150

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During the course of evolution, animals encountered the harmful effects of fungi, which are strong pathogens. Therefore, they have developed powerful mechanisms to protect themselves against these fungal invaders. β-Glucans are glucose polymers of a linear β(1,3)-glucan backbone with β(1,6)-linked side chains. The immunostimulatory and antitumor activities of β-glucans have been reported; however, their mechanisms have only begun to be elucidated. Fungal and particulate β-glucans, despite their large size, can be taken up by the M cells of Peyer's patches, and interact with macrophages or dendritic cells (DCs) and activate systemic immune responses to overcome the fungal infection. The sampled β-glucans function as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on innate immune cells. Dectin-1 receptor systems have been incorporated as the PRRs of β-glucans in the innate immune cells of higher animal systems, which function on the front line against fungal infection, and have been exploited in cancer treatments to enhance systemic immune function. Dectin-1 on macrophages and DCs performs dual functions: internalization of β-glucan-containing particles and transmittance of its signals into the nucleus. This review will depict in detail how the physicochemical nature of β-glucan contributes to its immunostimulating effect in hosts and the potential uses of β-glucan by elucidating the dectin-1 signal transduction pathway. The elucidation of β-glucan and its signaling pathway will undoubtedly open a new research area on its potential therapeutic applications, including as immunostimulants for antifungal and anti-cancer regimens.

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Supplementation with a Soluble Beta-Glucan Exported from Shiitake Medicinal Mushroom, Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Singer Mycelium: a Crossover, Placebo-Controlled Study in Healthy Elderly

Cited by 38 publications

References 9 publications

Consumption of β-glucans to spice up T cell treatment of tumors: a review

Consumption of β-glucans to spice up T cell treatment of tumors: a review

Mushroom Polysaccharides: Chemistry and Antiobesity, Antidiabetes, Anticancer, and Antibiotic Properties in Cells, Rodents, and Humans

Immunomodulation of Fungal β-Glucan in Host Defense Signaling by Dectin-1

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