Supplementation of Postbiotic RI11 Improves Antioxidant Enzymes Activity, Upregulated Gut Barrier Genes and Reduced Cytokines, Acute Phase Proteins and HSP70 Gene Expression Levels in Heat-Stressed Broilers

Abstract

Background To alleviate the adverse impacts of stressful environmental conditions on poultry and promoting the animal's health and growth performance, antibiotics have been added to poultry diets as growth promoters. Nevertheless, improper and overuse of antibiotics as feed additives have resulted the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and increased the levels of antibiotic residues in animal products, which have disastrous effects on the health of both animals and humans. Postbiotics produced from probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum have been the recent research of interest as dietary additives for livestock and potential alternatives to antibiotics. However, there is very scarce of study has considered the effect of postbiotics on broilers under heat stress. The aim of this work was to evaluate the impacts of feeding different levels of postbiotic RI11 on antioxidant enzyme activity, physiological stress indicators, cytokines and gut barrier genes expression in broilers under heat stress. Materials and Methods A total of 252 male Cobb 500 were fed with 1 of 7 diets: NC (negative control, 0.0% RI11) basal diet; OTC (positive control) NC + 0.02% (w/w) oxytetracycline; AA (antioxidant control) NC + 0.02% (w/w) ascorbic acid. Four further groups were NC + 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8% postbiotic RI11 (v/w) of the respective levels. Results Supplementation of different levels of postbiotic RI11 increased plasma glutathione peroxidase, catalase and glutathione enzymes activity. Postbiotic RI11 groups upregulated the mRNA expression of interleukin 10 and downregulated of interleukin 8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, heat shock protein 70 and alpha 1- acid glycoprotein levels compared to the NC and OTC groups. Feeding various doges of postbiotic RI11 improved the integrity of the intestinal barrier by the upregulation of zonula occludens-1 and mucin2 mRNA expressions. However, no difference was observed in claudin1, ceruloplasmin, interleukin 6, interleukin 2 and interferon expression, but downregulation for occludin expression as compared with the NC group. Supplementation of postbiotic RI11 in different levels quadratically increased the plasma glutathione peroxidase, catalase and glutathione, interleukin 10, mucin2 and zonula occludens-1 mRNA expression, and reduced plasma interleukin 8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, alpha 1- acid glycoprotein and heat shock protein 70 mRNA expression. Supplementation of postbiotic RI11 at level 0.6% was sufficient to achieve the improvement in health of broiler chickens under heat stress as compared to other levels. Conclusions The results suggested that postbiotic produced from L. plantarum RI11 particularly at level 0.6% (v/w) could be used as an alternative to antibiotics and natural sources of antioxidants in the poultry industry.

Comparative Studies of Inhibitory and Antioxidant Activities, and Organic Acids Compositions of Postbiotics Produced by Probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Strains Isolated From Malaysian Foods

“…In the in vitro study conducted by Chen et al ( 65 ), the fermentation of papaya juice by using L. plantarum produced higher antioxidant activities as compared to L. acidophilus . The in-feed supplementation of L. plantarum postbiotics has been documented to reduce the negative effect stimulated by hepatic injury in mice ( 66 ) and to improve glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in blood serum and ruminal fluid in post-weaning lamb ( 27 ), as well as to enhance the activities of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), catalase (CAT), and GPX while reducing alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (α1-AGP) and ceruloplasmin in broiler blood plasma ( 67 ). Therefore, L. plantarum postbiotic can be used as a promising natural source of antioxidants to reduce the effects of heat stress in animals.…”

Effect of Sodium Selenite, Selenium Yeast, and Bacterial Enriched Protein on Chicken Egg Yolk Color, Antioxidant Profiles, and Oxidative Stability

“…Blood samples (10 mL) were collected in BD Vacutainer ® Plus Plastic Serum Tubes (Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) via hen’s jugular vein. Blood samples were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min, after which the supernatant (serum) was harvested and stored at −80 °C for further analysis [ 34 ]. A part of the breast meat sample was snapped frozen in liquid nitrogen before being stored at −80 °C further assays.…”