Supplementation of n-3 fatty acids during pregnancy and lactation reduces maternal plasma lipid levels and provides DHA to the infants

Helland, Ingrid B.; Saugstad, Ola Didrik; Saarem, Kristin; Houwelingen, A.C. van; Nylander, Gro; Drevon, Christian A.

doi:10.1080/14767050600738396

Cited by 98 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…1). The present findings indicate that palatability of the FD for rats fed the LD during the dietary treatment period was higher than that of the FD at the beginning of the self-selection period, and this contributes to greater consumption of the FD compared to the LD because there are many reports that dietary fats are absorbed very effectively from the digestive tract and an increase in plasma n-3 FA content, particularly EPA and DHA, are observed after consumption of fish oil enriched diet (4,30,(33)(34)(35)(36). These results lead us to conclude that, at the beginning of the self-selection period, rats fed the LD consumed a larger amount of the FD than rats fed the FD diet to counteract the effect of an n-3 FA shortage during the experimental period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…We concluded that ALA in the PD failed to reduce the plasma lipid concentration. Although many reports also showed that diets enriched with fish oil reduce plasma TG concentration (30,(33)(34)(35), Finnegan et al reported that 4.5 and 9.5 g ALA intervention for 6 mo failed to reduce fasting and postprandial plasma lipid concentrations (33) and Barceleó-Coblijin et al reported that 3.6 g flaxseed oil intervention for 12 wk failed to reduce plasma lipid concentrations (4). It has been reported that dietary ALA can be converted to long-chain n-3 PUFA in animals and may reproduce some of the beneficial effects of EPAϩDHA (4,5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Plant- and Fish-Oil Derived n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Counteraction of n-3 Fatty Acid Shortage in Adult Rats Fed a Lard Diet

Nakashima

Sato

Saito

2009

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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Summary These studies aimed to compare the effects of ␣ -linolenic acid (ALA) ϩ eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ϩ docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on plasma-lipid concentrations and preferential fat intake of rats fed a lard diet (LD). Each of 2 groups of 4-wk-old male rats was used in studies 1 and 2. In studies 1 and 2, two groups of rats received the LD (LD group) and the fish-oil diet (FD; FD group), and the LD and the perilla-oil diet (PD; PD group), respectively (dietary treatment period). After 6 wk, 6 rats per group were sacrificed. The remaining rats in studies 1 and 2 were placed on a self-selection regimen of the LD and the FD, and the LD and the PD, respectively, for 3 wk (self-selection period). After the dietary treatment period, plasma lipid concentrations in the FD group were lower than those in the LD group. However, no significant difference in the concentrations was observed between the LD group and the PD group. At the beginning of the self-selection period, the ratio of the FD intake of the LD group was higher than that of the FD group. As the the ratio of the LD group decreased and that of the FD group increased no significant difference in the ratio was observed after the 9th day during the self-selection period. No significant difference in the ratio of the PD intake was observed between the LD group and the PD group during the selfselection period. Thus, although the FD decreased plasma lipid concentration and increased the preferential FD intake of the LD group at the beginning of the self-selection period, the PD did not. Our studies clearly show that dietary EPA ϩ DHA and ALA have different physiologic effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Plant- and Fish-Oil Derived n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Counteraction of n-3 Fatty Acid Shortage in Adult Rats Fed a Lard Diet

Nakashima

Sato

Saito

2009

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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“…previous studies were only short term (13) or used fish oil during lactation [with (14) or without (15) supplementation during pregnancy as well]. To our knowledge, this is the first study to document the effects of high-dose fish oil supplementation during pregnancy on longitudinal changes in breast milk fatty acid composition over the first 6 mo of lactation.…”

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confidence: 79%

The Effects of Fish Oil Supplementation in Pregnancy on Breast Milk Fatty Acid Composition Over the Course of Lactation: A Randomized Controlled Trial

et al. 2007

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This study evaluated the longitudinal effect of fish oil in pregnancy on breast milk fatty acid composition and infant outcomes. In a randomized, controlled trial, 98 women received 2.2 g docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and 1.1 g eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or olive oil from 20 wk of gestation until delivery. Fatty acid composition in breast milk (at 3 d, 6 wk, and 6 mo) and infant erythrocyte membranes (at 1 y) were determined by gas liquid chromatography. Breast milk fatty acids were examined in relationship to growth and development. Compared with control group, breast milk from women who received fish oil had proportionally higher DHA and EPA levels at 3 d and 6 wk after delivery, but this difference was no longer apparent by 6 mo. Infant DHA status at 1 y of age was directly related to DHA levels at 3 d, 6 wk, and 6 mo postpartum (but not to antenatal supplementation). Both EPA and DHA in breast milk were positively correlated with Griffith's developmental scores including hand and eye coordination. Thus, supplementation in pregnancy was associated with increased n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) in breast milk, particularly in early lactation, and this was positively associated with infant DHA status at 1 y. (Pediatr Res 62: 689-694, 2007)

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“…Since neonatal LCPUFA values can be influenced by maternal diet during pregnancy (van Houwelingen et al, 1995;Dunstan et al, 2004;Helland et al, 2006), maternal LCPUFA intake during pregnancy can be expected to influence later movement quality of the child. Indeed, maternal seafood consumption shows a positive relation with fine motor skills (Hibbeln et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids at birth and motor function at 7 years of age

et al. 2007

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Background/Objectives: Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) rapidly accumulate in the central nervous system (CNS) during the perinatal CNS growth spurt. This particularly concerns arachidonic acid (AA: 20:4nÀ6) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA: 22:6nÀ3), which are thought to play important roles in CNS development and function. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between motor function at 7 years of age and the levels of AA and DHA in umbilical venous plasma phospholipids, representing the prenatal availability of these fatty acids, and in plasma phospholipids sampled at age 7 years. Subjects/Methods: Motor function was assessed both quantitatively (the ability to perform a movement) and qualitatively (how the movement is performed) with the Maastricht Motor Test (MMT) in 306 children, born at term, at 7 years of age as part of a follow-up study. Results: Backward stepwise multiple regression analyses revealed a significant, positive relation between umbilical plasma DHA concentrations (but not plasma DHA levels at 7 years) and the MMT total and quality score, corrected for the covariables gender, cognitive performance, gestational age and age at measurement (partial b ¼ 0.13, P ¼ 0.01 and 0.14, P ¼ 0.01, respectively). The contributions of DHA and AA (both at birth and at 7 years of age) to quantitative movement scores were not significant. Conclusions: Our results suggest that prenatal DHA availability, which can be influenced by maternal dietary DHA intake during pregnancy, can have an effect on quality of movement in later life.

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Supplementation of n-3 fatty acids during pregnancy and lactation reduces maternal plasma lipid levels and provides DHA to the infants

Abstract: Maternal supplementation with n-3 fatty acids during pregnancy and lactation provides more DHA to the infant and reduces maternal plasma lipid levels compared to supplementation with n-6 fatty acids.

Cited by 98 publications

References 37 publications

Effect of Plant- and Fish-Oil Derived n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Counteraction of n-3 Fatty Acid Shortage in Adult Rats Fed a Lard Diet

Effect of Plant- and Fish-Oil Derived n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Counteraction of n-3 Fatty Acid Shortage in Adult Rats Fed a Lard Diet

The Effects of Fish Oil Supplementation in Pregnancy on Breast Milk Fatty Acid Composition Over the Course of Lactation: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Relationship between long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids at birth and motor function at 7 years of age

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