Supplementation of fermented Maillard-reactive whey protein enhances immunity by increasing NK cell activity

Kang, Miso; Oh, Nam Su; Kim, Minjoo; Ahn, Hyeon Yeong; Yoo, Hye Jin; Sun, Minghan; Kang, Shin Ho; Yang, Hye Jeong; Kwon, Dae Young; Lee, Jong Ho

doi:10.1039/c6fo01458e

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Our previous study demonstrated that consumption of F‐MRP for 8 weeks enhanced the activity of natural killer (NK) cells. [ 5 ] The results of several studies are in agreement with our data. [ 6,7 ] However, the mechanism of the enhancement of NK cell activity by F‐MRP in humans is unclear.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Metabolomics approach was extensively used in recent studies aimed to identify possible mechanisms related to the immune system. [ 8,9 ] We performed an additional analysis of the plasma samples of the participants obtained in our previous study [ 5 ] by ultra performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS) and gas chromatography (GC)‐MS, which are useful metabolomics tools, to investigate the changes in the metabolic profile induced by F‐MRP supplementation. We expected to identify relevant mechanisms and enhance detailed understanding of the nutritional modulatory effect of F‐MRP on the activity of NK cells based on comprehensive data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential Mechanisms of Improved Activity of Natural Killer Cells Induced by the Consumption of F‐MRP for 8 weeks

Han

Lee

et al. 2021

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Scope: The authors used metabolomics to investigate the nutritional modulatory effect of fermented Maillard-reactive whey protein (F-MRP) on the activity of natural killer (NK) cells. Methods and Results: Fifty subjects who had participated in our previous intervention study were included in the present study in the test (n = 20) and placebo groups (n = 30). Additional analyses using ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and gas chromatography (GC)-MS were conducted to identify relevant metabolic features. After 8 weeks, the activity of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A 2 (Lp-PLA 2 ) (p = 0.021), levels of interleukin (IL)-1 (p = 0.001), and activity of NK cells were considerably increased in the test group compared with those in the placebo group. Based on the metabolites discovered by UPLC-MS, ten altered metabolic pathways were observed in the test group after 8 weeks of F-MRP consumption. Specific pathways with most pronounced associations with immune-enhancing effect of F-MRP included aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, glycine/serine/threonine metabolism, arginine/proline metabolism, and sphingolipid metabolism. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated the effects of 8 weeks of F-MRP supplementation on the metabolic status manifested as changes in the Lp-PLA 2 activity, IL-1 level, and activity of NK cells. Intermediate metabolites of the identified metabolic pathways can be used to confirm the immune-enhancing efficacy of short-term supplementation.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Mechanisms of Improved Activity of Natural Killer Cells Induced by the Consumption of F‐MRP for 8 weeks

Han

Lee

et al. 2021

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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“…Altering dietary amino acid composition or concentration of certain amino acids in food products may differentially affect immune system function. Supplementing whey protein, which has a high leucine content, has been shown to enhance natural killer (NK) cell function and IL-12 concentration ( 36 ) and increase plasma glutathione concentrations in HIV-infected patients ( 37 ). While further study is required, provision of protein- and/or amino acid-rich foods and/or supplements might be a means to maintain immune system function on exploration missions.…”

Section: Nutrition/functional Foodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune System Dysregulation During Spaceflight: Potential Countermeasures for Deep Space Exploration Missions

et al. 2018

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Recent studies have established that dysregulation of the human immune system and the reactivation of latent herpesviruses persists for the duration of a 6-month orbital spaceflight. It appears certain aspects of adaptive immunity are dysregulated during flight, yet some aspects of innate immunity are heightened. Interaction between adaptive and innate immunity also seems to be altered. Some crews experience persistent hypersensitivity reactions during flight. This phenomenon may, in synergy with extended duration and galactic radiation exposure, increase specific crew clinical risks during deep space exploration missions. The clinical challenge is based upon both the frequency of these phenomena in multiple crewmembers during low earth orbit missions and the inability to predict which specific individual crewmembers will experience these changes. Thus, a general countermeasure approach that offers the broadest possible coverage is needed. The vehicles, architecture, and mission profiles to enable such voyages are now under development. These include deployment and use of a cis-Lunar station (mid 2020s) with possible Moon surface operations, to be followed by multiple Mars flyby missions, and eventual human Mars surface exploration. Current ISS studies will continue to characterize physiological dysregulation associated with prolonged orbital spaceflight. However, sufficient information exists to begin consideration of both the need for, and nature of, specific immune countermeasures to ensure astronaut health. This article will review relevant in-place operational countermeasures onboard ISS and discuss a myriad of potential immune countermeasures for exploration missions. Discussion points include nutritional supplementation and functional foods, exercise and immunity, pharmacological options, the relationship between bone and immune countermeasures, and vaccination to mitigate herpes (and possibly other) virus risks. As the immune system has sentinel connectivity within every other physiological system, translational effects must be considered for all potential immune countermeasures. Finally, we shall discuss immune countermeasures in the context of their individualized implementation or precision medicine, based on crewmember specific immunological biases.

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“…Studies have shown that melanin, a product of MR, has antioxidation, antibacterial, probiotic, and antitumor pharmacological activities in the human intestine, which is beneficial to human health [ 103 , 104 ]. Kang et al have found that the intake of fermented Maillard-reactive whey protein could enhance the function of the natural killer (NK) cell and human immunity [ 105 ]. Through quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and in situ hybridization analysis, researchers found that the products produced by the MR of casein and the MRP generated via fermented by lactobacillus rhamnosus 4B15 have pharmacological effects in preventing testicular dysfunction caused by chronic stress [ 106 ].…”

Section: Maillard Reaction In Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Literature Review on Maillard Reaction Based on Milk Proteins and Carbohydrates in Food and Pharmaceutical Products: Advantages, Disadvantages, and Avoidance Strategies

Xiang

Liu

Wang

et al. 2021

Foods

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Milk has two main components that have high nutritional value—milk protein (casein and whey protein), and lactose. These components are extensively used in various areas, especially in food, i.e., as sweeteners, stabilizers, functional food ingredients, nutritional fortifiers, etc. Non-enzymatic browning refers to a series of chemical reactions between sugars and proteins that make food more appetizing. Non-enzymatic browning reactions include degradation of ascorbic acid, lipid peroxidation, caramel reaction, and the Maillard reaction (MR). The MR, as one of the four non-enzymatic browning reactions, has been well studied and utilized in food fields. Milk protein and lactose, as two main components of milk, have high chemical activities; they are used as reactants to participate in the MR, generating Maillard reaction products (MRPs). The MR involves a condensation reaction between carbonyl groups of various sugars and amino groups of amino acids/proteins. These MRPs have different applications in various areas, including food flavor, food oxidation resistance, drug carriers, etc. This work presents the positive and negative effects of the MR, based on the two main components of milk, used in food and medicine, as well as avoidance approaches to prevent the occurrence of negative effects.

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Supplementation of fermented Maillard-reactive whey protein enhances immunity by increasing NK cell activity

Abstract: Daily consumption of F-MRP enhanced NK cell function, which was positively associated with ΔIL-12. Moreover, ΔIL-12 was positively correlated with Δpre-albumin.

Cited by 13 publications

References 46 publications

Potential Mechanisms of Improved Activity of Natural Killer Cells Induced by the Consumption of F‐MRP for 8 weeks

Potential Mechanisms of Improved Activity of Natural Killer Cells Induced by the Consumption of F‐MRP for 8 weeks

Immune System Dysregulation During Spaceflight: Potential Countermeasures for Deep Space Exploration Missions

A Literature Review on Maillard Reaction Based on Milk Proteins and Carbohydrates in Food and Pharmaceutical Products: Advantages, Disadvantages, and Avoidance Strategies

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