Supplemental vitamin D increases serum cytokines in those with initially low 25-hydroxyvitamin D: A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study

A genetic variant in the cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily R member 1 determines response to vitamin D supplementation

“…Emerging evidence has reported a relationship between vitamin D supplementation and serum levels of proinflammatory and inflammatory markers such as cytokines and CRP. Some studies have reported a positive association with circulation levels of 25(OH)D and others showed an inverse association while some declared no relationship [44][45][46][47].…”

The effects of supplementation with vitamin D on inflammatory biomarkers, omentin, and vaspin in women with type 2 diabetes: A randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled clinical trial

“…Vitamin D supplementation is effective for the decreasing of serum of hs‐CRP while in other study vitamin D did not change hs‐CRP in women with gestational diabetes (Asemi, Karamali, & Esmaillzadeh, ).This controversy depends on dose of vitamin D, intervention duration and population studied. Daily vitamin D supplementation for 35 days increased IL‐10 in vitamin D insufficient subjects (serum 25(OH)D < 29 ng/mL) (Barker et al, ). Furthermore, three month supplementation with 50000 IU vitamin D for 3 month increased IL‐10 in multiple sclerosis (Ashtari, Toghianifar, Zarkesh‐Esfahani, & Mansourian, ).…”

Soluble TNF Receptors are Modulated by Vitamin D Status but not by Acute Perturbations in 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Following A Bolus of Supplemental Vitamin D

“…Further supporting the presence of gross vitamin D sufficiency, plasma calcium and parathyroid hormone concentrations were not significantly different between the vitamin D Insufficient and Sufficient groups prior to supplementation. The lack of subjects with low vitamin D could have important ramifications on the ability of supplemental vitamin D to alter soluble cytokine receptors as indirect evidence from our lab suggests that initially low serum 25(OH)D potentiates the ability of supplemental vitamin D to modify circulating cytokine (i.e., interferon-γ and interleukin-10) concentrations [56]. Additionally, this investigation consists of a 24-d protocol in reportedly healthy, male adults following a bolus of supplemental vitamin D. Based on the cytokine receptor differences between vitamin D status groups before supplementation, it is foreseeable that a daily or intermittent (i.e., weekly or monthly) longterm intervention of supplemental vitamin D intended to induce and maintain a sufficient serum 25(OH)D concentration in subjects with initial vitamin D deficiency (i.e., <20 ng/mL and corresponding alterations in parathyroid hormone and calcium levels) could modify soluble TNF receptor concentrations.…”