Supplemental tourism activities: a conceptual framework to maximise sport tourism benefits and opportunities

Abstract

Theoretical integration has been called for in sport tourism research in order to capture the synergies of existing contributions. In response, this article proposes a conceptual framework of supplemental tourism activities, which are motivated by secondary and/or tertiary tourism attractions that complement or reinforce tourism benefits and opportunities bestowed by a primary tourism attraction. This is achieved by integrating the sport and non-sport interactions into Hinch and Higham's (2001) sport tourism attraction system. The conceptual framework presents three types of supplemental tourism activities that interplay not only within the four categories of sport tourism attractions (spectator-based events, participation-based events, active sports, heritage sports), but also across non-sport tourism attractions. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed in the specific context of Japan, and future directions for research are identified. A clear appreciation of supplemental tourism activities will help regional and national tourism organisations and businesses to understand and maximise the tourism benefits and opportunities associated with sports.

Alternative and special interest tourism to mitigate the effects of tourism seasonality: the debate from Cyprus

“…Another emerging sector in Cyprus is sport tourism, which is defined as sport-based travel away from the home and where sport based and non-sport activities are integrated (Ito and Higham, 2020). The emergence of sport tourism in Cyprus happened when the British Mitigating the effects of tourism seasonality Olympic Committee selected Cyprus as a training destination to prepare athletes for the Olympic Games in Greece; however, early on it was identified that collaborative efforts are necessary to develop Cyprus as a sports destination beyond one event (Kartakoullis and Karlis, 2002).…”

Exploring the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on sport tourism

“…Although the scale and magnitude of its impacts are obvious in the recent publications by sport tourism scholars (e.g. Ito and Higham, 2020; Weed, 2020), the number of studies that assess the recovery strategies is still limited. It is well known that the uniqueness of each crisis, the sociopolitical environment at the time of a crisis, and the overall tourism structure in each destination complicates the tourism crisis management procedures (Henderson, 2007).…”

“…Resilience planning to handle the potential life-threatening crises that also damage the reputation of host destinations and communities becomes even more important in sport tourism since the gathering of a large number of spectators in venues creates an inflated perception of risk that subsequently impacts tourists' intentions and behavior (Shipway, 2018). Considering that COVID-19 caused greater damage in the USA than any other infectious disease, implementing recovery strategies and building resilience to confront current and future crises become more important than ever (Ito and Higham, 2020).…”

Evaluation of Sustainable Rural Tourism. The Case of Uzundere District, Erzurum, Turkey

“…In this region, social and organized tourism activities, such as the Eastern Anatolia International Youth Festival, under the wings of my Anoatolia, in which I have families in 81 cities, International bird watching festivals, International ice climbing festival, Traditional wrestling competitions, such as setting up boarding houses, physical tourism investments in hotels and accommodation were also realized. Creating opportunities associated with sport tourism and supplemental tourism activities can help regional and national tourism organizations to maximize the tourism benefits [69]. Generally, tourism activities in the Uzundere region are as follows: (1) In the field of cultural tourism, you can visit cultural heritage phenomena such as Engüzekkapı Castle, Öşk Monastery, Kireçli Bridge,İnçer Mosque, Sapaca Mosque, and Sapaca Castle.…”