Supplemental chromium and niacin for stressed feeder calves

Chang, Xin; Mowat, D. N.; Mallard, Bonnie A.

doi:10.4141/cjas95-054

Cited by 38 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…However, HALDAR et al (2009) stated that supplementation of inorganic Cr in goats had a positive effect on N retention. In our research, the lack of effect of Cr supplementation on the metabolism of Cu, Zn and Fe agrees with previously reported findings (CHANG et al, 1995). Similarly, rats fed with Cr, at 5 mg/kg of their diet, did not show any change in plasma concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Fe .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Supplemental chromium in cold-stressed buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis): effects on growth performance, nutrient utilization and cell mediated and humoral immune response

Kumar¹

2017

Vet. arhiv

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Various stressors significantly increase urinary excretion of chromium (Cr), suggesting that Cr may be physiologically linked to the responses to control stress. The aim of this study was to determine the physiological responses of buffalo calves to increased Cr supply under low ambient temperature. In a randomized complete block design, twenty-four Murrah buffalo calves were assigned to 4 treatments for a period of 120 days. Treatments included either no supplemental Cr (control), 0.5 mg of supplemental Cr/kg DM, 1.0 mg of supplemental Cr/kg DM, or 1.5 mg of supplemental Cr/kg DM. Buffalo calves were monitored daily for physiological variables, dry matter intake (DMI) and fortnightly for body mass change. Blood samples were collected at fortnightly intervals and analyzed for the biomarkers of immunity and plasma trace mineral concentration. At the end of the 120 day experimental period, a 7 day metabolic trial was conducted. The average temperature-humidity index (THI) and relative humidity (RH) during the study were 58.10 units and 52.0% respectively. Physiological variables, DMI and growth performance did not differ among all treatments. 1.5 mg Cr/kg DM increased B and T-cell proliferation, neutrophil phagocytic activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) value, whereas plasma total immunoglobulin (TIg) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations were the highest in the 1.0 and 1.5 mg Cr/kg DM group. Nutrient digestibility, nitrogen (N) metabolism and trace mineral bioavailability did not differ between treatments, while the bioavailability of Cr showed a positive correlation with supplemental Cr level. The results suggest that in cold conditions, increased Cr supply can improve immune response without affecting physiological response, growth performance and nutrient utilization in buffalo calves.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Supplemental chromium in cold-stressed buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis): effects on growth performance, nutrient utilization and cell mediated and humoral immune response

Kumar¹

2017

Vet. arhiv

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In contrast to the above finding, another experiment showed increased live weight gain in calves supplemented with niacin (Chang et al, 1995), but simultaneous mixing of niacin with urea diet reflected better live weight gain in lambs and bulls which might be due to better utilization of urea by rumen microbes for their body protein synthesis and thus higher availability of microbial protein at the lower tract, in the presence of niacin, as niacin is involved intimately in energy metabolism (Horner et al, 1988).In agreement with the above findings, another trial was conducted in which 50-500 mg niacin was supplemented in the diet and effect of niacin on growth of cattle was observed and reports showed there were increased gains and feed efficiency by 9.7% and 10.9%, respectively (Byers, 1981). He concluded that Niacin supplementation during adaptation of cattle to feedlot diets was beneficial for growth.…”

Section: Responses To Niacin Supplementation -Dairy Cowscontrasting

confidence: 44%

Role of niacin supplementation in dairy cattle: A review

Panda¹,

Panda²,

Panigrahy³

et al. 2017

AJDFR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Niacin (Vitamin B 3 ) is significantly important for the metabolism of animals and human beings due to its incorporation into the coenzymes NAD and NADP. For dairy cows, the microbial synthesis of niacin in the rumen is an important source besides its availability from feed and endogenous formation. This vitamin is involved in various energy-yielding pathways and for synthesis of amino acid and fatty acid; for which it is important for milk production. Supplementation of niacin has beneficial effects on growth of cattle. The production performance of dairy cows fed with niacin at 6g/day may not be satisfactory, but supplementation of 12g of niacin per head per day can increase milk production by about 1lb. An optimistic return on asset is possible if the supplementation is limited to high producing early lactation cows. Supplementing the dairy animals with a dose of 6-12g of niacin will not only protect them from various metabolic diseases but will also help them defend from severe heat stress; ultimately leading to augmentation of their health, production potential and economy.

show abstract

“…Mean cortisol concentrations were higher in the Cr-supplemented than in the control cows. Chang and Mowat (1992) and Mowat et al (1993) demonstrated a decrease in cortisol concentration by 19 to 27% in calves exposed to transport stress. In another study, Moonsie-Shager and Mowat (1993) demonstrated in calves an inverse linear proportion between dosage of Cr and blood serum cortisol concentration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Metabolic Effects of Chromium Supplementation in Dairy Cows in the Peripartal Period

Pechová¹,

Podhorský²,

Lokajová³

et al. 2002

Acta Vet. Brno

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of the work was to assess the effects of supplemental chromium (Cr) on metabolism of dairy cows in the peripartal period. Rations fed to dairy cows in a herd of Holstein cattle with mean milk yield of 7 500 l were supplemented with chromium-enriched yeast (Co-Factor III Chromium Yeast, Alltech, 0.1% Cr 3+ ) at 10 mg of Cr per animal per day. The treatment was started 21 days before the expected delivery date and discontinued 30 days after the delivery. Blood and urine samples were collected from ten experimental and ten control cows at weekly intervals, the state of health was monitored by regular clinical examinations, and milk yield for the first 100 days of lactation was recorded. The results indicate favourable effects of the supplementation on energy metabolism. The Cr-supplemented cows showed significantly higher blood glucose concentrations at post-partum (p.p.) weeks 4 (4.25 ± 0.21 vs. 3.74 ± 0.36 mmol·l -1 ; p < 0.01) and 5 (4.06 ± 0.41 vs. 3.64 0.28 mmol·l -1 ; p < 0.05) and lower ketone bodies concentration at p.p. week 4 (0.88 ± 0.11 vs. 1.38 ± 0.66 mmol·l -1 ; p < 0.05). The Cr-supplemented cows showed also significantly lower bilirubin concentration at p.p. week 2 (3.93 ± 0.84 vs. 6.47 ± 3.25 µmol·l -1 ; p < 0.05) and lower catalytic activities of aspartate aminotransferase at p.p. weeks 3 (1.37 ± 0.14 vs. 1.66 ± 0.20 µkat·l -1 ; p < 0.01) and 5 (1.16 ± 0.08 vs. 1.47 ± 0.18 µkat·l -1 ; p < 0.01) and lactate dehydrogenase at p.p. week 5 (27.35 ± 3.76 vs. 33.61 ± 5.61 µkat·l -1 ; p < 0.05). No effects on the metabolism of nitrogen substances or minerals, insulin concentration in blood serum, and blood Cr concentration were observed. Chromium excretion in urine increased after parturition; higher concentrations were found in Cr-supplemented cows at p.p. weeks 3 (7.14 ± 1.72 vs. 5.00 ± 1.26 µg·l -1 ; p < 0.01) and 4 (8.40 ± 3.13 vs. 4.04 ± 1.32 µg·l -1 ; p < 0.01). Although chromium supplementation in the peripartal period significantly improved variables characterising the energy metabolism, no effects on milk yield for the first 100 days of lactation or on the incidence of clinical diseases were demonstrable.

show abstract

Supplemental chromium and niacin for stressed feeder calves

Cited by 38 publications

References 5 publications

Supplemental chromium in cold-stressed buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis): effects on growth performance, nutrient utilization and cell mediated and humoral immune response

Supplemental chromium in cold-stressed buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis): effects on growth performance, nutrient utilization and cell mediated and humoral immune response

Role of niacin supplementation in dairy cattle: A review

Metabolic Effects of Chromium Supplementation in Dairy Cows in the Peripartal Period

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About