Supplemental carbon sources applied in biofloc technology aquaculture systems: types, effects and future research

Abakari, Godwin; Luo, Guozhi; Kombat, Emmanuel O.; Alhassan, Elliot Haruna

doi:10.1111/raq.12520

Cited by 36 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…After adaptation to experimental conditions for two days, these tanks were randomly divided into three groups (six replicates per group): control group, feeding basal diet (C/N ratio of ~6:1, 44.20%, w/w, carbon and 7.04%, w/w, nitrogen; AlphaFeedCo., Ltd., Shenzhen, China); CN10 group, feeding the mixture of basal diet and sucrose (42.1%, w/w, carbon, purity 99%) with a ratio of 5:3 to obtain a C/N ratio of ~10:1; CN15 group, feeding the mixture of basal diet and sucrose with a ratio of 2:3 to obtain a C/N ratio of ~15:1. Previous studies indicated that a C/N ratio in the substrate ranging from 10 to 20 is considered optimal for heterotrophic bacteria to assimilate NH 4 -N 48 – 50 . When the C/N ratio is between 8 and 10, it depends on the joint action of autotrophic microorganisms and heterotrophic microorganisms to remove inorganic nitrogen; but when the C/N ratio reaches 15, inorganic nitrogen can basically be consumed by the assimilation of heterotrophic microorganisms 51 , 52 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sucrose addition directionally enhances bacterial community convergence and network stability of the shrimp culture system

Guo

Dong

Gao

et al. 2022

npj Biofilms Microbiomes

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Sucrose is an effective carbon source for creating more reliable and environmentally friendly conditions for shrimp growth by regulating bacteria in biofloc-based culture systems. However, the influence of sucrose addition on the interaction, co-occurrence networks, and assembly mechanisms of bacterial communities in biofloc-based culture systems remains largely unknown. Here, we comprehensively investigated the effects of sucrose addition on bacterial communities in three habitats (water, bioflocs, and gut). The bacterial community structures and compositions of these three habitats became more similar in groups with sucrose addition, compared with those in controls. More than 50% gut bacterial communities were mainly derived from water and biofloc communities in the sucrose addition groups, but only about 33% bacterial communities migrated from water and biofloc to the gut in the control culture system. Sucrose addition accordantly enriched core taxa belonging to the phylum Actinobacteria and the families Rhodobacteraceae and Flavobacteriaceae in water, biofloc, and gut habitats. These core taxa were important for maintaining bacterial network stability in the sucrose addition culture systems and some were identified as keystone taxa for improving shrimp growth. Furthermore, after sucrose addition, gut bacterial community assembly from water and biofloc was dominated by the heterogeneous select with the ratios of 55–91% and 67–83%, respectively, indicating that sucrose addition can directionally shape the bacterial assembly of the shrimp culture system. These results provide a basis for selectively regulating certain beneficial taxa to improve shrimp growth in culture systems.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sucrose addition directionally enhances bacterial community convergence and network stability of the shrimp culture system

Guo

Dong

Gao

et al. 2022

npj Biofilms Microbiomes

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“…It is suggested that the type of carbon source, for example glucose, starch, glycerol, logan powder, polybutylene succinate (PBS), PHB, brown sugar or molasses (Table 5), used in BFT systems can influence the nutritional content of the bioflocs. When applied in BFT systems for the formation of bioflocs, these carbon sources are categorised into various types according to their chemical composition and the speed with which they release DOC into the system 261 28 affirmed that adding carbohydrates to BFT systems results in the proliferation and dominance of heterotrophic bacteria and reduces the total Vibrio count in the water.…”

Section: Management Of Bacterial Communities In Bft Aquaculture Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When applied in BFT systems for the formation of bioflocs, these carbon sources are categorised into various types according to their chemical composition and the speed with which they release DOC into the system. 261 Panigrahi et al 28 affirmed that adding carbohydrates to BFT systems results in the proliferation and dominance of heterotrophic bacteria and reduces the total Vibrio count in the water.…”

Section: Carbohydrate Types and Supply Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteria in biofloc technology aquaculture systems: roles and mediating factors

Abakari

et al. 2022

Reviews in Aquaculture

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The abundance of nitrogen compounds, phosphorous compounds and organic matter in biofloc technology (BFT) aquaculture systems creates an ideal medium for increasing microbial communities and load. The abundance of microbial DNA found in BFT aquaculture systems is hypothesised to be among the greatest in current aquaculture systems. Several factors mediate the bacterial diversity, relative abundance and dynamics in BFT systems. This review focusses on the bacteria in BFT aquaculture systems, their role as food for animals present in the culture and their various relationships with major nutrients. The analytical techniques available for determining bacterial integrity and function are reviewed along with the factors that affect microbial community structure, water quality and production performance. Future investigations to characterise bacteria in BFT aquaculture systems and their roles and mediating factors are suggested.

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“…After the establishment of a biofloc-based system, there is no need to add organic carbon into culture water for the growth of heterotrophic bacteria and the development of biofloc. This is different from the traditional proposition, which highlights the increase in input C/N ratio through organic carbon addition to accelerate the assimilation of NH 4 + -N by heterotrophic bacteria and convert it to bacterial protein without producing NO 2 − -N and nitrate nitrogen (NO 3 − -N) [ 16 , 17 , 18 ]. However, continuous addition of organic carbon can generate large amounts of heterotrophic biofloc biomass in the culture system, which increases not only the input cost but also the management difficulties in terms of solids removal and oxygen supplement [ 5 , 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More importantly, increasing the C/N ratio can induce a shift of the bacterial community of biofloc [ 10 , 15 , 19 ], which could have very significant impacts on water quality control and shrimp production performance [ 15 , 21 ]. It is thought that the input C/N ratio is one of the critical factors affecting growth rate of different microbial communities, thereby generating different nitrogen conversion pathways and microbial biomass yields [ 15 , 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Input C/N Ratio on Bacterial Community of Water Biofloc and Shrimp Gut in a Commercial Zero-Exchange System with Intensive Production of Penaeus vannamei

Wang

et al. 2022

Microorganisms

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Although increasing attention has been attracted to the study and application of biofloc technology (BFT) in aquaculture, few details have been reported about the bacterial community of biofloc and its manipulation strategy for commercial shrimp production. An 8-week trial was conducted to investigate the effects of three input C/N ratios (8:1, 12:1 and 16:1) on the bacterial community of water biofloc and shrimp gut in a commercial BFT tank system with intensive aquaculture of P. vannamei. Each C/N ratio group had three randomly assigned replicate tanks (culture water volume of 30 m3), and each tank was stocked with juvenile shrimp at a density of 300 shrimp m−3. The tank systems were operated with zero-water exchange, pH maintenance and biofloc control. During the trial, the microbial biomass and bacterial density of water biofloc showed similar variation trends, with no significant difference under respective biofloc control measures for the three C/N ratio groups. Significant changes were found in the alpha diversity, composition and relative abundance of bacterial communities across the stages of the trial, and they showed differences in water biofloc and shrimp gut among the three C/N ratio groups. Meanwhile, high similarity could be found in the composition of the bacterial community between water biofloc and shrimp gut. Additionally, nitrogen dynamics in culture water showed some differences while shrimp performance showed no significant difference among the three C/N ratio groups. Together, these results confirm that the manipulation of input C/N ratio could affect the bacterial community of both water biofloc and shrimp gut in the environment of a commercial BFT system with intensive production of P. vannamei. Moreover, there should be different operations for the nitrogen dynamics and biofloc management during shrimp production process under different C/N ratios.

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Supplemental carbon sources applied in biofloc technology aquaculture systems: types, effects and future research

Cited by 36 publications

References 135 publications

Sucrose addition directionally enhances bacterial community convergence and network stability of the shrimp culture system

Sucrose addition directionally enhances bacterial community convergence and network stability of the shrimp culture system

Bacteria in biofloc technology aquaculture systems: roles and mediating factors

Effect of Input C/N Ratio on Bacterial Community of Water Biofloc and Shrimp Gut in a Commercial Zero-Exchange System with Intensive Production of Penaeus vannamei

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