Supernumerary Head of the Biceps Brachii Muscle: An Anatomic Variant With Clinical Implications

Enix, Dennis E.; Scali, Frank; Sudkamp, Kasey; Keating, Robbyn

doi:10.1016/j.jcm.2021.02.001

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The MCN pierced the coracobrachialis muscle and then one of the supernumerary heads of BB. 6 Enix et.al noted a variation in which MCN entered deep to the third head of BB but did not pierce it at the level of most distal part of the humerus. The accessory head originated from the lateral side of the proximal third of the humerus on the left side, merged with the common tendon and inserted into the radial tuberosity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The accessory head originated from the lateral side of the proximal third of the humerus on the left side, merged with the common tendon and inserted into the radial tuberosity. 6 The MCN can be compressed during the intramuscular course leads to nerve palsy. 7 There are several studies documenting only the variation of MN formation from three roots.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 There are several studies documenting only the variation of MN formation from three roots. [3][4][5][6][7][8] There are reports of MN formation with a contribution of an additional root from either medial or lateral cord. Most of studies have reported the additional root contribution from the lateral cord.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of studies have reported the additional root contribution from the lateral cord. [3][4][5][6][7][8] These variations can be unilateral or bilateral. Ghosh et al studied 60 limbs for MN formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A case report on multiple accessory muscles and nerve variations in upper limb

Stephen,

Sankaran,

Raman

et al. 2023

IJCAP

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During routine dissection of formalin fixed cadavers, the brachial plexus and other upper limb structures were observed for variations. In 65-year-old male cadaver, bilateral upper limb neuromuscular variations were identified. On the left side, median nerve had three roots (one medial and two lateral) and biceps brachii had an additional head which was originating from the mid shaft of humerus and joined with the main muscle at the lower third of arm, and was innervated by musculocutaneous nerve. On the right side, the brachioradialis muscle had an accessory head which took origin from the lateral side of humerus near deltoid tuberosity and joined with main tendon in the lower part of the forearm, and was innervated by radial nerve. The association of nerve variations and accessory muscles is clinically significant. As accessory muscle may lead to nerve or artery entrapment in the limb and is likely to cause palsy or ischemia, knowledge about the neuromuscular variations is clinically significant.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A case report on multiple accessory muscles and nerve variations in upper limb

Stephen,

Sankaran,

Raman

et al. 2023

IJCAP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Two abdominal muscles (rectus abdominis muscle and abdominal external oblique muscle) were chosen because of their important function in lumbar spine movements [35,36]. The biceps brachii muscle has been selected as an important muscle for proper upper limb function [37,38].…”

Section: Examination Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study protocol: Accommodative effects on the musculoskeletal system

et al. 2023

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Accommodation is a phenomenon of the eyeball, which consists of adapting to view objects at different distances. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of accommodations on the musculoskeletal system in myopic and emmetropic subjects. To date, the effect of accommodative paralysis on the musculoskeletal system has not been studied. The research hypothesis based on the current research reports is that accommodation affects the musculoskeletal system in myopic and emmetropic subjects. A smaller aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of unilateral accommodative palsy on the musculoskeletal system in myopic and emmetropic subjects. According to the authors of the previous reports, unilateral accommodative palsy will affect increased musculoskeletal asymmetry in myopic and emmetropic subjects. The surface electromyography (sEMG) of the musculoskeletal system will be performed by using the Noraxon Ultium DTS 8-K MR 3 myo Muscle Master Edition. Cycloftyal (10 mg/ml, eye drops, solution) will be used to paralyze accommodation. After the paralysis of unilateral accommodation, the test will be repeated. Both-sided accommodation will be paralyzed next, and the test will be repeated. The study may provide insight into the effects of accommodation on the musculoskeletal system, and it may also help in understanding the connections between these systems.

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