Superior Performance of LiFePO<sub>4</sub>Aqueous Dispersions via Corona Treatment and Surface Energy Optimization

Li, Jianlin; Rulison, Christopher; Kiggans, James O.; Daniel, Claus; Wood, David L.

doi:10.1149/2.018208jes

Cited by 67 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(34 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For example, the agglomerates can be controlled by adding dispersants 20,26,30,31 or by optimizing mixing techniques, sequences, and periods. [32][33][34] Poor slurry wetting on Al foils can be alleviated via increasing the surface energy of the current collectors such as treating the Al foils with corona plasma 27 or coating with a carbon layer. Metal leaching may or may not be a problem.…”

Section: Aqueous Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Low-Cost, High-Energy Density, and High-Power Density Lithium-Ion Batteries

Ruther

et al. 2017

JOM

Self Cite

224

136

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Reducing cost and increasing energy density are two barriers for widespread application of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles. Although the cost of electric vehicle batteries has been reduced by $70% from 2008 to 2015, the current battery pack cost ($268/kWh in 2015) is still >2 times what the USABC targets ($125/kWh). Even though many advancements in cell chemistry have been realized since the lithium-ion battery was first commercialized in 1991, few major breakthroughs have occurred in the past decade. Therefore, future cost reduction will rely on cell manufacturing and broader market acceptance. This article discusses three major aspects for cost reduction: (1) quality control to minimize scrap rate in cell manufacturing; (2) novel electrode processing and engineering to reduce processing cost and increase energy density and throughputs; and (3) material development and optimization for lithium-ion batteries with high-energy density. Insights on increasing energy and power densities of lithium-ion batteries are also addressed.

show abstract

Section: Aqueous Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Low-Cost, High-Energy Density, and High-Power Density Lithium-Ion Batteries

Ruther

et al. 2017

JOM

Self Cite

224

136

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Typically, the solvents used in electrode manufacturing can be classified as either organic or aqueous. Though aqueous solvents [21][22][23][24] offer lucrative advantages like cost effectiveness and environmental benignity, aqueous processing continues to remain a challenge. Organic solvents are the practical choice for the most studies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic Understanding of the Role of Evaporation in Electrode Processing

Stein

Mistry

Mukherjee

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

101

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Electrode processing based on the state-of-the-art materials represents a scientific opportunity toward a cost-effective measure for improving the lithium-ion battery performance. In this regard, perhaps the most important is the drying step in a typical non-aqueous based slurry processing which can profoundly impact the electrode microstructure and hence performance. Solvent evaporation during drying plays a critical role in the redistribution of the particulate phases consisting of active particle, conductive additive and binder. In this work, we attempt to provide a mechanistic understanding of the role of solvent evaporation on the electrode characteristics and performance via a combined experimental and theoretical analysis. This study elucidates that a non-uniform distribution of the constituent phases, especially the relatively mobile conductive additive and binder, can develop which depends on the solvent evaporation, particle diffusion and sedimentation attributes. Experimental results and theoretical analysis reveal the impact of evaporation rate on the conductive additive and binder distribution in the electrode microstructure and resulting electrochemical performance. Our analysis has shown that a slower two-stage drying, as opposed to a high-rate single-stage drying, allows for a favorable distribution of binder and conductive additive, thus reducing internal cell resistance and improving electrochemical performance. Increasing concerns about depleting fossil fuel reserves, energy security, and climate change have given rise to interest in the adoption of renewable energy in place of traditional, petroleum-based fuels. The implementation and usage of renewable energies have been limited due to lack of efficient storage and transportation infrastructure. Recent improvements in the energy density and durability of lithiumion batteries (LIBs) have made them an increasingly attractive means of energy storage. [1][2][3][4] Further improvements in lithium-ion technology would increase the viability of widespread adoption of electric vehicles and renewable energy integration into the electric grid. For example, improvements in the capacity of LIBs would not only improve the effective range of electric vehicles, 5,6 but also improve their cycle life by reducing the depth of discharge, which in turn increases the viability of LIBs for use in grid energy storage applications. 7The performance of Li-ion batteries depends on the electrode materials, the choice of electrolyte, and the cell architecture.4,8 A typical LIB positive electrode (cathode) is composed of a combination of Li-containing active material, conductive additive, polymeric binder, and pore space that is filled with an electrolyte. Typically, these are created by casting out and drying a thin film of slurry containing these multi-phase components. 19 but little attention is paid to the physical understanding of the electrode processing. The importance of this electrode preparation step cannot be overemphasized. In addition to determining the cel...

show abstract

“…However, the cost of Li‐ion batteries is still too high for some large‐scale applications. To reduce the cost of manufacturing of battery packs, it is crucial to reduce the cost for both the materials used and the manufacturing processes at the system level, which have been reported to make up more than 80% of the overall cost …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Switching the process from organic to an aqueous solvent is expected to significantly reduce the cost. The cost advantages include the reduced safety controls from no longer using a flammable solvent, the lower price of water relative to NMP, and the elimination of the expensive capital and energy costs resulting from the NMP recovery process . A previous analysis in the literature reported that switching to aqueous electrode processing would translate to a 12% reduction in the cost of the overall battery pack .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cost advantages include the reduced safety controls from no longer using a flammable solvent, the lower price of water relative to NMP, and the elimination of the expensive capital and energy costs resulting from the NMP recovery process . A previous analysis in the literature reported that switching to aqueous electrode processing would translate to a 12% reduction in the cost of the overall battery pack . More importantly, switching to aqueous processing would greatly alleviate the health and safety concerns imposed by organic solvent evaporation during manufacturing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

LiFePO₄‐Accelerated Change in Surface and Electrochemical Properties in Aqueous Systems Induced by Mechanical Agitation

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Switching from organic to aqueous solvents for battery electrode processing is desirable due to both safety and cost advantages. Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) is considered a cathode material for aqueous processing due to its demonstrated chemical compatibility with water, in addition to its favorable cost, safety, electrochemical performance, and environmental advantages as a battery active material. All research on LFP stability in water has been conducted in a scenario where LFP is aged in stagnant water, or surrounded by water when confined within a composite electrode. However, a much accelerated degradation in the electrochemical performance of LFP when it is in contact with water and exposed to mechanical agitation is demonstrated. Changes to LFP are probed using a combination of materials characterization methods. Although there are no significant changes to the bulk particle structure and morphology, significant particle surface damage and compositional modifications are observed. These results suggest that the systems where LFP is exposed to agitation in an aqueous environment, such as in aqueous battery electrode processing or in aqueous slurry electrodes, need to be carefully investigated for potential changes to the LFP surface environment under relevant processing conditions.

show abstract

Superior Performance of LiFePO₄Aqueous Dispersions via Corona Treatment and Surface Energy Optimization

Cited by 67 publications

References 22 publications

Toward Low-Cost, High-Energy Density, and High-Power Density Lithium-Ion Batteries

Toward Low-Cost, High-Energy Density, and High-Power Density Lithium-Ion Batteries

Mechanistic Understanding of the Role of Evaporation in Electrode Processing

LiFePO₄‐Accelerated Change in Surface and Electrochemical Properties in Aqueous Systems Induced by Mechanical Agitation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Superior Performance of LiFePO4Aqueous Dispersions via Corona Treatment and Surface Energy Optimization

Cited by 67 publications

References 22 publications

Toward Low-Cost, High-Energy Density, and High-Power Density Lithium-Ion Batteries

Toward Low-Cost, High-Energy Density, and High-Power Density Lithium-Ion Batteries

Mechanistic Understanding of the Role of Evaporation in Electrode Processing

LiFePO4‐Accelerated Change in Surface and Electrochemical Properties in Aqueous Systems Induced by Mechanical Agitation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Superior Performance of LiFePO₄Aqueous Dispersions via Corona Treatment and Surface Energy Optimization

LiFePO₄‐Accelerated Change in Surface and Electrochemical Properties in Aqueous Systems Induced by Mechanical Agitation