Superior Parietal Cortex Is Critical for the Manipulation of Information in Working Memory

Koenigs, Michael; Barbey, Aron K.; Postle, Bradley R.; Grafman, Jordan

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3706-09.2009

Cited by 473 publications

(338 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Development was most rapid in the frontal pole, which stands at the apex of the prefrontal hierarchy, engaged in goal-setting and monitoring (38); the temporal pole, involved in social and emotional processing (39); and the parietal association cortex, critical for working memory and visual-spatial processing (40). These functions are frequently specifically impaired in children born preterm, consistent with the hypothesis that rapid microstructural growth confers vulnerability to the effect of premature extrauterine life.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Development of cortical microstructure in the preterm human brain

Ball

Srinivasan

Aljabar

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

302

287

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Cortical maturation was studied in 65 infants between 27 and 46 wk postconception using structural and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging. Alterations in neural structure and complexity were inferred from changes in mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy, analyzed by sampling regions of interest and also by a unique whole-cortex mapping approach. Mean diffusivity was higher in gyri than sulci and in frontal compared with occipital lobes, decreasing consistently throughout the study period. Fractional anisotropy declined until 38 wk, with initial values and rates of change higher in gyri, frontal and temporal poles, and parietal cortex; and lower in sulcal, perirolandic, and medial occipital cortex. Neuroanatomical studies and experimental diffusion-anatomic correlations strongly suggested the interpretation that cellular and synaptic complexity and density increased steadily throughout the period, whereas elongation and branching of dendrites orthogonal to cortical columns was later and faster in higher-order association cortex, proceeding rapidly before becoming undetectable after 38 wk. The rate of microstructural maturation correlated locally with cortical growth, and predicted higher neurodevelopmental test scores at 2 y of age. Cortical microstructural development was reduced in a dose-dependent fashion by longer premature exposure to the extrauterine environment, and preterm infants at term-corrected age possessed less mature cortex than term-born infants. The results are compatible with predictions of the tension theory of cortical growth and show that rapidly developing cortical microstructure is vulnerable to the effects of premature birth, suggesting a mechanism for the adverse effects of preterm delivery on cognitive function. brain development | DTI | preterm birth D endritic arborization and synapse formation increase within the cerebral cortical plate from midgestation, transforming the cortex from a predominantly radial formation arrayed perpendicular to the cortical surface into a denser, more complex structure with large numbers of neural connections running parallel to the surface (1). Several groups have related this microstructural maturation to changes in the rate and principal direction of water diffusion within the cortex observed in vivo by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) (2-5). It is proposed that increasing cellular density and complexity lead to a decrease in tissue water content and a fall in mean diffusivity (MD) (6-9), whereas decreases in the relative fraction of water diffusion perpendicular to the cortical surface, measured as a decline in fractional anisotropy (FA), reflect neurite outgrowth and maturing dendritic cytoarchitecture (7,8,(10)(11)(12). These changes have been measured in neonatal piglets (13), cats (14), and mice (15), and in pioneering studies of preterm infants (3,4,8).The present study used structural MRI and DTI to examine the spatial and temporal development of human cortical microstructure. We reasoned that if the process was impaired by preterm birth we...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Development of cortical microstructure in the preterm human brain

Ball

Srinivasan

Aljabar

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

302

287

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Participants with lower pre-induction HRV were characterized by stronger activation changes in areas such as the superior parietal lobule, supramarginal gyrus, and superior frontal gyrus, all critically important for the manipulation of information in working memory (du Boisgueheneuc et al, 2006;Koenigs, Barbey, Postle, & Grafman, 2009), spontaneous thought processes (Fox et al, 2015), and the dynamic switch between external and internal modes of attention (Andrews-Hanna, Smallwood, & Spreng, 2014). This is a counterintuitive result, as one may expect higher (and not lower) HRV to index a better ability to switch from internally-oriented to externally-oriented attention, and hence be associated with stronger deactivation in such areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurobiological substrates of cognitive rigidity and autonomic inflexibility in generalized anxiety disorder

Ottaviani

Watson

Meeten

et al. 2016

Biological Psychology

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Neurobiological substrates of cognitive rigidity and autonomic inflexibility in generalized anxiety disorder.Biological Psychology http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.biopsycho.2016.06.009 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.  Trait worry was inversely related with prefrontal deactivation to target detection. HRV predicted neural activation changes produced by attentional focus switching. A worry induction increased pre-to post-target deactivation of default mode areas. The induction reduced behavioural and neurobiological differences between groups. AbstractGeneralized anxiety disorder (GAD) is characterized by difficulties in inhibiting both perseverative thoughts (worry and rumination) and autonomic arousal. We investigated the neurobiological substrates of such abnormal inhibitory processes, hypothesizing aberrant functional coupling within 'default mode' (DMN) and autonomic brain networks. Functional imaging and heart rate variability (HRV) data were acquired from GAD patients and controls during performance of three tracking tasks interspersed with a perseverative cognition (PC) induction. After detection of infrequent target stimuli, activity within putative DMN hubs was suppressed, consistent with a redirection of attentional resources from internal to external focus. This magnitude of activity change was attenuated in patients and individuals with higher trait PC, but was predicted by individual differences in HRV. Following the induction of PC in controls, this pattern of neural reactivity became closer to that of GAD patients. Results support, at a neural level, the association between cognitive inflexibility and autonomic rigidity.

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“…Lesion studies provide converging support for a general role of the mid-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Petrides 2000), medial prefrontal cortex/anterior cingulate (Mesulam 1981), and parietal cortex (Koenigs et al 2009) in working-memory manipulation, including conflict monitoring (see Botvinick et al 2001). Prefrontal and parietal cortex regions form circuits with cerebellar regions, and both imaging studies (Stoodley and Schmahmann 2009;Marvel and Desmond 2010) and studies of patients with brain damage (Malm et al 1998) implicate the cerebellum in working-memory manipulation.…”

Section: How Can Information In Working Memory Be Manipulated and Updmentioning

confidence: 99%

Working Memory: Maintenance, Updating, and the Realization of Intentions

Nyberg

Eriksson

2015

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol

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Correspondence: lars.nyberg@umu.se "Working memory" refers to a vast set of mnemonic processes and associated brain networks, relates to basic intellectual abilities, and underlies many real-world functions. Workingmemory maintenance involves frontoparietal regions and distributed representational areas, and can be based on persistent activity in reentrant loops, synchronous oscillations, or changes in synaptic strength. Manipulation of content of working memory depends on the dorsofrontal cortex, and updating is realized by a frontostriatal '"gating" function. Goals and intentions are represented as cognitive and motivational contexts in the rostrofrontal cortex. Different working-memory networks are linked via associative reinforcement-learning mechanisms into a self-organizing system. Normal capacity variation, as well as workingmemory deficits, can largely be accounted for by the effectiveness and integrity of the basal ganglia and dopaminergic neurotransmission.

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Superior Parietal Cortex Is Critical for the Manipulation of Information in Working Memory

Cited by 473 publications

References 39 publications

Development of cortical microstructure in the preterm human brain

Development of cortical microstructure in the preterm human brain

Neurobiological substrates of cognitive rigidity and autonomic inflexibility in generalized anxiety disorder

Working Memory: Maintenance, Updating, and the Realization of Intentions

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