invading, or distending visceral structures can result in a poorly localized noxious pain. Patients experiencing visceral pain often describe the pain as vague, deep, squeezing, crampy, or colicky. Other signs and symptoms include referred pain (eg, shoulder pain that appears when the diaphragm is invaded with tumor) and nausea/vomiting due to vagal irritation.Visceral pain associated with cancer may be relieved with oral pharmacologic therapy that includes combinations of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), opioids, and coadjuvant therapy. In addition to pharmacologic therapy, neurolytic blocks of the sympathetic axis are also effective in controlling visceral cancer pain and should be considered as impor-