Adolescent pregnancy increases the risk of ectopic pregnancy, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, premature rupture of membranes, preterm labor, and cesarean among mothers up to 16 years of age. After 16 years of age, pregnancy is not associated with increased risk of obstetric or neonatal complications.

IntroductionThe exact causes of the decline in semen quality are not yet known, environmental factors have been considered to play an important role. Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) are two of the well-known reproductive toxicants to which humans are exposed occupationally and environmentally and can lead to negative effects on the testicular functions. The aim of this study was to evaluate lead and cadmium levels in seminal plasma of men with idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermia in comparison to fertile healthy controls and to correlate these levels with conventional semen parameters, sperm hypo-osmotic swelling (HOS) percentage, sperm DNA fragmentation percentage, and semen reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels.Material and MethodsThirty infertile male patients with idiopathic oligo and/or asthenozoospermia and thirty healthy fertile men, which was the control group, were included in the study. Lead and cadmium levels in seminal plasma, semen parameters, sperm HOS, sperm DNA fragmentation percentage and semen ROS assay were measured in all subjects.ResultsThere was a significant increase in seminal lead and cadmium levels among infertile males in comparison to controls. There were significant negative correlations between seminal lead and cadmium levels on one hand and certain semen parameters especially progressive sperm motility and vitality (HOS). Importantly, significant positive correlations were noted between seminal lead and cadmium levels on one hand and sperm DNA fragmentation percentage and semen ROS level in infertile men and controls on the other hand.ConclusionsThus, men with idiopathic male infertility had higher levels of lead and cadmium in their semen which correlated with impairment of sperm motility and vitality percentages and more importantly with higher sperm DNA fragmentation% and semen ROS level.

Women with FGM are significantly more likely to have LUTS than women without FGM, and LUTS seem to be more burdensome in those with more extensive FGM.

No abstract

Of the 4 procedures, BIL had the least deleterious effect on reproductive performance; SWUD increased the risk of premature ovarian failure, and B-Lynch increased the risks of endometriosis, intrauterine adhesions, placenta previa, and preterm labor.

No abstract

Background: Maternal mortality in Egypt is still relatively high so measuring maternal mortality and identifying its causes is essential and should be calculated regularly for the purpose of planning, monitoring and evaluation of provided maternal health care. Objective: Identifying the circumstances and causes of maternal mortality. Patient and method: Data were collected from records of patients who were presented to and delivered at Sohag University Hospital in the period between 2017 and 2019. Only cases of maternal mortality were included in this study. In our study we found 20 maternal deaths occurred at our hospital between 2017 and 2019. Results: In our study the most frequent one was the 1 st delay that occurred in 10 women followed by 2 nd delay in 4 women then combination of 1 st and third in about 3 women and combination of 1 st and 2 nd in 2 cases and delay 2 in 1 case. Our study showed that the first cause of death was preeclampsia/eclampsia 55% followed by obstetric hemorrhage (placenta previa, postpartum hemorrhage, rupture uterus) 35%, caesarean section complications 5% and lastly medical condition associated with pregnancy 5%. Conclusions: This study showed that the first delay is the most important delay in Sohag, especially in rural areas, and the most important cause of death was preeclampsia and ignorance about its complications which was due to lack of antenatal care.

No abstract