Superinduction of cytosolic and chromatin‐bound ornithine decarboxylase activities of germinating barley seeds by actinomycin D

Panagiotidis, Christos Α.; Georgatsos, John G.; Kyriakidis, Dimitrios A.

doi:10.1016/0014-5793(82)80733-3

Cited by 45 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…DNA replication and mitotic activity in both TX1 and TX4 cells reach peak levels by d 4 of the growth cycle (data not presented), and the cells used for fractionation were harvested on d 6 when the cycle of cell development is characterized predominantly by cell enlargement rather than cell division. The data in Table I suggest that some disruption of the organelles occurred during the isolation procedures since approximately 30% of the fumarase activity, a mitochondrial matrix marker, was found in the super- (Table II), which is in agreement with previous reports from work with barley seed (14,21). Nevertheless, the majority of ODC activity was found in the supernatant, and levels of activity in the cytosol fractions of both cell lines were similar.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…ODC activity has been reported to occur in plant nuclei (14,21,29). Along with ADC, ODC has also been detected in the cytoplasm, chloroplasts, and mitochondria (29,33 MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant Material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These basic differences in biosynthetic activity make the TX cell lines useful model systems in which to study regulatory mechanisms in amine metabolism. In the present study, we have investigated the compartmentation of specific enzymes involved in amine biosynthesis and the endogenous levels of mono-, di-, and polyamines.ODC activity has been reported to occur in plant nuclei (14,21,29). Along with ADC, ODC has also been detected in the cytoplasm, chloroplasts, and mitochondria (29,33 MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant Material.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Subcellular Localization of Amines and Activities of Their Biosynthetic Enzymes in p-Fluorophenylalanine Resistant and Wild-Type Tobacco Cell Cultures

Walker

Ellis²,

Chapple³

et al. 1987

Plant Physiol.

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Three levels of free amines and the activities of their biosynthetic enzymes were measured in subcellular fractions of two cell lines of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Xanthi. The TX4 cell line, a p-fluorophenylalanine resistant culture which accumulates high levels of cinnamoylamides, was compared to the wild-type culture TX1. In cells harvested on day 6 of the growth cycle, nearly all free putrescine, spermidine, and tyramine was found in the supernatant fraction of both cell lines. Although a consistent portion of ornithine decarboxylase activity was detected in the nuclear-enriched fractions of TX1 and TX4, the larest levels of activity were in the supernatants of both lines. In TX1, arginine decarboxylase activity was low relative to that of ornithine decarboxylase, but, in the TX4 line arginine decarboxylase levels in the cytosol were substantially elevated. Tyrosine decarboxylase was not detected in 6-day-old TX1 cells, but significant amounts of activity were measured in the lOOOg and supernatant fractions of TX4. S-Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity was low in both cell lines and was located predominantly in the supernatant.Recently, we reported on changes in levels of polyamines and tyramine, and on the activities of their biosynthetic enzymes (ADC,3 ODC, SDC, and TDC), during the growth cycle of PFPresistant (TX4) and wild-type (TX 1) cell suspension cultures of Nicotiana tabacum (34). The biosynthetic activity of ADC was significantly higher in TX4 than TX 1, suggesting that it provided the putrescine moiety required to maintain high levels of cinnamoylputrescine found in the TX4 line. These basic differences in biosynthetic activity make the TX cell lines useful model systems in which to study regulatory mechanisms in amine metabolism. In the present study, we have investigated the compartmentation of specific enzymes involved in amine biosynthesis and the endogenous levels of mono-, di-, and polyamines.ODC activity has been reported to occur in plant nuclei (14,21,29). Along with ADC, ODC has also been detected in the cytoplasm, chloroplasts, and mitochondria (29,33 MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant Material. Cell suspensions of TX 1 and TX4 (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Xanthi) were generously provided by Dr. J. Berlin, Braunschweig, Federal Republic of Germany. The cultures were maintained at 24°C in an MX medium supplemented with 2 FM 2,4-D under continuous illumination. TX 1 and TX4 were subcultured every 7 and 10 d by transferring 1.5 and 2.5 g fresh weight, respectively, to 50 ml of fresh media. Data represent the average of at least three replicate determinations. The TX4 culture used in these studies continued to display the traits of PFP-resistance and hydroxycinnamoylamide accumulation (23) initially described by Palmer and Widholm (20). Subcellular Fractionation. For TDC preparations, 80 g fresh weight of 6-d-old cells were collected by vacuum filtration and disrupted by grinding twice for 3 min in a prechilled mortar together with 40 ml of extraction buffer (100 mm pH 7.5; 20% glycerol [...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subcellular Localization of Amines and Activities of Their Biosynthetic Enzymes in p-Fluorophenylalanine Resistant and Wild-Type Tobacco Cell Cultures

Walker

Ellis²,

Chapple³

et al. 1987

Plant Physiol.

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“…Recently, an ODC activity tightly bound to chromatin has been reported for germinated barley seeds; this activity being four times higher than that of the cytosolic ODC (10). If …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activities of Arginine and Ornithine Decarboxylases in Various Plant Species

Birecka¹,

Bitonti²,

McCann³

1985

Plant Physiol.

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In extracts from the youngest leaves ofArena sativa, Hordeam vulgare, Zea Mays, Pisum sativum, Phaseolus vulgaris, Lactuca sativa, and four pyrrolizidine alkaloid-bearing species of Heliotropium, the activities of ornithine decarboxylase, close to V.n, ranged between traces and 1.5 nanomoles per hour per gram fresh weight when based on putrescine formed during incubation with labeled orDithine. The arginine decarboxylase activities in the same extracts ranged between 8 and 8000 nanomoles per hour per gram fresh weight being lowest in the borages and highest in oat and barley. a-Difluoromethylornithine and a-difluoromethyharginine inhibited ornithine and arginine decarboxylases, respectively, in all species. Agmatine, putrescine, spermidine, and spermine were found in all, diaminopropane in eight, and cadaverine in three species.No correlation was observed between arginine or ornithine decarboxylase level and the levels of total polyamines. The in vitro decarboxylase activities found in the borages cannot explain the high accumulation of putrescine-derived pyrrolizidines in their youngest leaves if the pyrrolizidines are produced in situ from arginine and/or ornithine as precursors; other possibilities are discussed.In assays of ornithine decarboxylase, an interference of decarboxylation not due to this enzyme was observed in extracts from all species. In arginine decarboxylase assays, the interfering decarboxylation as well as the interference of arginase were apparent in two species. Addition of aminoguanidine was needed to suppress oxidative degradation of putrescine and agmatine during incubation of extracts from pea, bean, lettuce, Heliotropium angiospermum, and Heliotropium indicum.When assayed for ADC2 and/or ODC using [1l-'4C]-or [U-'4C]-labeled Arg and/or Orn, respectively, leaf extracts from oat, tomato, and especially form Heliotropium angiospermum exhibited significant decarboxylation of the substrates that was not due to activities of the assayed enzymes (6). Additional artifacts such as oxidative degradation of Agm and Put as well as conversion of Arg into Orn were observed in extracts from H. angiospermum, especially in Tris-HC buffer. However, addition of AG, the amine oxidase inhibitor, at 0.1 to 0.2 mM and of Orn, the competitive inhibitor of arginase, at 20 mm permitted estimation ofADC and ODC activities on the basis ofAgm and Put ' This work was performed during a sabbatical (H. B.) at Merrell Dow Research Institute, Cincinnati, OH.

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“…Des etudes sur Ia localisation des enzymes responsables de Ia hiosynthese des polyamines ont montre que l'ODC a une localisation nucleaire dans les grains d'orge en germination (Panagiotidis et al, 1982 ;Koromilas et Kyriakidis, 1988). L'ADC est une enzyme essentiellcment cytoplasmique (Smith, 1985).…”

Section: Role Moleculaire Et Cellulaire Des Polyaminesunclassified

Métabolisme et rôle des polyamines dans le développement de la plante

Daoudi¹,

Biondi

1995

Acta Botanica Gallica

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Summary.-Aliphatic polyamines, putrescine, spermidine and spermine are ubiquHous in all living organisms. They occur in the free form as cations, but are often conjugated to small molecule like phenolics acids and also to various macromolecules. Polyamines and their biosynthetic enzymes may play an imponant role in many aspects of plants development including growth, differentiation, senescence and response to dillerents types of stress. Recent worl< suggest, but has not proven, a regulatory role of polyamines in these processes. Putrescine accumulation in response to stress, suggests a protective role. By contrast, increased spermidine and spermine synthesis appears essential for DNA replication and cell division.

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Superinduction of cytosolic and chromatin‐bound ornithine decarboxylase activities of germinating barley seeds by actinomycin D

Cited by 45 publications

References 20 publications

Subcellular Localization of Amines and Activities of Their Biosynthetic Enzymes in p-Fluorophenylalanine Resistant and Wild-Type Tobacco Cell Cultures

Subcellular Localization of Amines and Activities of Their Biosynthetic Enzymes in p-Fluorophenylalanine Resistant and Wild-Type Tobacco Cell Cultures

Activities of Arginine and Ornithine Decarboxylases in Various Plant Species

Métabolisme et rôle des polyamines dans le développement de la plante

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