Supercritical Transesterification of Waste Vegetable Oil: Characteristic Comparison of Ethanol and Methanol as Solvents

Karki, Sujeeta; Sanjel, Nawaraj; Poudel, Jeeban; Choi, Ja Hyung; Oh, Sea Cheon

doi:10.3390/app7060632

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Theoretically, the stoichiometry for the transesterification reaction is 3:1 alcohol to oil, however, in practice, the amount can vary, as it is experimentally determined. Several alcohols have been studied for biodiesel production of which methanol and ethanol are the two most frequently used in the production of biodiesel 8 , 12 , 28 – 30 . Using methanol or ethanol has its advantage and disadvantage related to the physical and chemical properties of the transesterification reaction and its product.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved biodiesel production from waste cooking oil with mixed methanol–ethanol using enhanced eggshell-derived CaO nano-catalyst

Erchamo

Mamo

Adam

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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In this report, the utilization of mixed methanol–ethanol system for the production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil (WCO) using enhanced eggshell-derived calcium oxide (CaO) nano-catalyst was investigated. CaO nano-catalyst was produced by calcination of eggshell powder at 900 °C and followed by hydration-dehydration treatment to improve its catalytic activity. The particle size, morphology, and elemental composition of a catalyst were characterized by using XRD, SEM, and EDX techniques, respectively. After hydration-dehydration the shape of a catalyst was changed from a rod-like to honeycomb-like porous microstructure. Likewise, average particle size was reduced from 21.30 to 13.53 nm, as a result, its surface area increases. The main factors affecting the biodiesel yield were investigated, accordingly, an optimal biodiesel yield of 94% was obtained at 1:12 oil to methanol molar ratio, 2.5 wt% catalyst loading, 60 °C, and 120-min reaction time. A biodiesel yield of 88% was obtained using 6:6 equimolar ratio of methanol to ethanol, the yield even increased to 91% by increasing the catalyst loading to 3.5 wt%. Moreover, by slightly increasing the share of methanol in the mixture, at 8:4 ratio, the maximum biodiesel yield could reach 92%. Therefore, we suggest the utilization of methanol–ethanol mixture as a reactant and eggshell-derived CaO as a catalyst for enhanced conversion of WCO into biodiesel. It is a very promising approach for the development of low-cost and environmentally friendly technology. Properties of the biodiesel were also found in good agreement with the American (ASTM D6571) fuel standards.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved biodiesel production from waste cooking oil with mixed methanol–ethanol using enhanced eggshell-derived CaO nano-catalyst

Erchamo

Mamo

Adam

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…Already the first study of Saka and Kusdiana [ 72 ] demonstrated the high efficiency of this approach, which was reflected in low reaction time and higher yields of the methyl esters. Further studies of transesterification using supercritical methanol and ethanol confirmed the high efficiency of this approach [ 73 ]. Alternative approaches to transesterification of the BD feedstocks use heterogeneous [ 74 , 75 ] and enzymatic [ 76 ] catalysts.…”

Section: Sources Synthesis and Chemical Composition Of Bdmentioning

confidence: 93%

Polymer Cold-Flow Improvers for Biodiesel

Nifant’ev

Ivchenko

2021

Polymers

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In recent decades, biodiesel has been explored as a prospective comparable fuel to petroleum diesel for compression ignition engines. However, several drawbacks have limited the wide application of biodiesel as motor fuel, and the poor cold-flow property is one of the major problems. This problem is compounded by the diversity of the biodiesel characteristics arising from a variety of chemical compositions of biodiesel from different sources. Among the methods investigated to improve the cold-flow properties of biodiesel, the use of additives seems highly promising. Despite the significant number of publications, the potential of this method is still far from having been completely discovered or exploited. In the present review, we briefly describe the sources, chemical composition, and physico-chemical characteristics of the main types of biodiesel. Next, we discuss the examples of the use of different polymer additives for the improvement of the cold-flow characteristics of biodiesel and biodiesel/petroleum diesel blends. Additionally, we tried to assess the prospects of the polymer additives to enhance biodiesel performance. The main conclusion of this survey is that innovative and high-efficiency cold-flow improvers for biodiesel should be further developed.

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“…The highest biodiesel yield of 95 % was achieved at a reaction temperature of 350°C with the molar ratio of methanol to rapeseed oil of 42:1. S. Karki et al [114] used methanol and ethanol in the supercritical transesterification. The experiments were done at temperatures of 250, 270 and 290 o C, a reaction time of 0 to 60 min and oil to alcohol molar ratios of 1:6, 1:12 and 1:18 for both alcohols.…”

Section: Supercritical Methanol Transesterificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Biodiesel Feedstocks and Production Technologies

Elgharbawy

Sadik

Sadek

et al. 2021

J. Chil. Chem. Soc.

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Biodiesel is a long-chain fatty acid ester made from renewed and biological raw materials such as used cooking, animal fat, vegetable oil, and algae. Biodiesel is a renewable and clean fuel as it reduces carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, and particulate matter emissions compared with petroleum-based diesel fuel. Production of biodiesel from renewable resources is done through the transesterification reaction at which the organic group (alkyl) of alcohol is substituted with the organic group of a triglyceride-the main component of the feedstock-producing fatty acid alkyl ester (biodiesel) and crude glycerol. Biodiesel can be used in pure form (B100) or may be blended with petroleum diesel at any concentration if its specifications is identical to the international standard specifications provided by American standard for testing materials (ASTM) or EN14214 in the European Union for alternative fuels. In this paper, the different types of biodiesel feedstocks, feedstocks treatment methods, and biodiesel production technologies are reviewed and discussed.

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Supercritical Transesterification of Waste Vegetable Oil: Characteristic Comparison of Ethanol and Methanol as Solvents

Cited by 16 publications

References 39 publications

Improved biodiesel production from waste cooking oil with mixed methanol–ethanol using enhanced eggshell-derived CaO nano-catalyst

Improved biodiesel production from waste cooking oil with mixed methanol–ethanol using enhanced eggshell-derived CaO nano-catalyst

Polymer Cold-Flow Improvers for Biodiesel

A Review on Biodiesel Feedstocks and Production Technologies

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