Supercritical Hydrothermal Synthesis

Adschiri, Tadafumi; Takami, Seiichi; Arita, Toshihiko; Hojo, Daisuke; Minami, Kimitaka; Aoki, Nobuaki; Togashi, Takanari

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-385469-8.00051-4

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…However, over the last 10 years, researchers have had considerable success synthesizing a wider range of materials, including metals [14], spinel materials [15], sulfides [16,17], hydroxides [18,19], phosphates [20], nitrides [21], and more complex materials such as metal organic frameworks [22]. Figure 1 shows a range of particles from metals to oxides to sulfides that were synthesized during the SHYMAN project, which funded this research work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding bottom-up continuous hydrothermal synthesis of nanoparticles using empirical measurement and computational simulation

et al. 2016

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(2016) Understanding bottom-up continuous hydrothermal synthesis of nanoparticles using empirical measurement and computational simulation. Nano Research, 9 (11). pp. 3377-3387. ISSN 1998-0000 Access from the University of Nottingham repository: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/41016/1/1215_proof.pdf Copyright and reuse:The Nottingham ePrints service makes this work by researchers of the University of Nottingham available open access under the following conditions. This article is made available under the University of Nottingham End User licence and may be reused according to the conditions of the licence. For more details see: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/end_user_agreement.pdf A note on versions:The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the repository url above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. ABSTRACTContinuous hydrothermal synthesis was highlighted in a recent review as an enabling technology for the production of nanoparticles. In recent years, it has been shown to be a suitable reaction medium for the synthesis of a wide range of nanomaterials. Many single and complex nanomaterials such as metals, metal oxides, doped oxides, carbonates, sulfides, hydroxides, phosphates, and metal organic frameworks can be formed using continuous hydrothermal synthesis techniques. This work presents a methodology to characterize continuous hydrothermal flow systems both experimentally and numerically, and to determine the scalability of a counter current supercritical water reactor for the large scale production (>1,000 T•year -1 ) of nanomaterials. Experiments were performed using a purpose-built continuous flow rig, featuring an injection loop on a metal salt feed line, which allowed the injection of a chromophoric tracer. At the system outlet, the tracer was detected using UV/Vis absorption, which could be used to measure the residence time distribution within the reactor volume. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations were also conducted using a modeled geometry to represent the experimental apparatus. The performance of the CFD model was tested against experimental data, verifying that the CFD model accurately predicted the nucleation and growth of the nanomaterials inside the reactor.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding bottom-up continuous hydrothermal synthesis of nanoparticles using empirical measurement and computational simulation

et al. 2016

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“…The introduction of an organic surfactant to the synthesis in supercritical CO 2 is expected to overcome this serious problem because surface modification can change the surface properties of metal oxides from hydrophilic to hydrophobic that is compatible to supercritical CO 2 . 19 In addition, the reduction of surface energy and stearic repulsion between particles can be achieved by surface modification. 4,19 Furthermore, supercritical CO 2 has high ability to dissolve the organic surfactant that is typically used for the synthesis of surface-modified NCs such as saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19 In addition, the reduction of surface energy and stearic repulsion between particles can be achieved by surface modification. 4,19 Furthermore, supercritical CO 2 has high ability to dissolve the organic surfactant that is typically used for the synthesis of surface-modified NCs such as saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. 12,20–22 Therefore, supercritical CO 2 with the organic surfactant has the potential to directly synthesize the surface-modified NCs with good monodispersity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of surface-modified iron oxide nanocrystals using supercritical carbon dioxide as the reaction field

et al. 2022

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“…Adschiri demonstrated the general applicability of the microchannel mixer technology by using the properties of supercritical water to achieve rapid nucleation of metal oxide nanoparticles. The concept, commonly known as continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis (CHFS), was adapted by a number of groups for the synthesis of nanomaterials, e.g., indium tin oxide , Fe‐doped La 4 Ni 3 O 10 libraries , lithium iron phosphate , binary metal sulfides , and metal organic frameworks .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroJet Reactor Technology: An Automated, Continuous Approach for Nanoparticle Syntheses

et al. 2019

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A new design of a confined impinging jet microreactor has been applied for continuous‐flow syntheses of metal chalcogenide nanomaterials. The microjet reactor is an automated, flexible, scalable, and thus industrially viable technology allowing a strict control over process parameters for the design of materials with tunable properties. Due to the short mixing times in the µs to ms range, crystallite nucleation and crystal growth are well separated and enable concentration‐limited particle growth and thus nanoparticle synthesis. The first approaches on the microjet reactor setup presented here were focused on the synthesis of nanocrystalline Ta‐doped tin dioxides and cadmium sulfide nanoparticles. The nanomaterials were characterized by a number of methods like powder X‐ray diffraction and conductivity measurements.

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Supercritical Hydrothermal Synthesis

Cited by 7 publications

References 122 publications

Understanding bottom-up continuous hydrothermal synthesis of nanoparticles using empirical measurement and computational simulation

Understanding bottom-up continuous hydrothermal synthesis of nanoparticles using empirical measurement and computational simulation

Synthesis of surface-modified iron oxide nanocrystals using supercritical carbon dioxide as the reaction field

MicroJet Reactor Technology: An Automated, Continuous Approach for Nanoparticle Syntheses

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