Supercritical fluids in medical radioisotope processing and chemistry, Part II: Applications – real and demonstrated

Abstract

SummaryIn Part I of this review series, an overview was presented on what the basic properties of supercritical fluids are and how they can, and are being used in many of today's industries as solvents for extraction, chromatography and reaction. A good part of this overview detailed the kinds of equipment needed, and techniques on how to use them for optimal performance. Part II of this series will delve into specific applications of supercritical fluid technology as it relates to aspects of medical isotope processing. The reader will note that very few applications of this technology to Nuclear Medicine have been published. Many potential applications cited within the context of this review derive from preliminary studies carried out in the author's laboratory. These examples are presented to spark interest in future developments of this nature.

Determining noble gas partitioning within a CO2–H2O system at elevated temperatures and pressures

“…This allows application within a wide range of industrial processes such as decaffeination (e.g., Mohamed et al, 2002;Kim et al, 2008), Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) (e.g., Blunt et al, 1993;Ravagnani et al, 2009) or in pharmaceutical processes (e.g., Ferrieri, 2003;Reverchon et al, 2009). As the solvation power of a fluid increases as a function of density (Giddings et al, 1968;Yonker et al, 1986) a link between CO 2 density (i.e., non-ideality) and solvation power can be assumed (Baiker, 1999).…”

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

“…A few publications discussing the use of SFC, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and related techniques in medical radioisotope processing and chemistry have also been reported. 82,83 In another instance, Gyllenhaal and Karlson separated metoprolol, a β- The resolution between the meta and para metoprolol was found to vary with different mobile phase additives. The order additives was ammonia, followed by N,N-dimethyloctylamine and lastly triethylamine.…”

Analytical SFC for Impurities

“…A few publications discussing the use of SFC, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and related techniques in medical radioisotope processing and chemistry have also been reported. 82,83 In another instance, Gyllenhaal The resolution between the meta and para metoprolol was found to vary with different mobile phase additives. The order additives was ammonia, followed by N,N-dimethyloctylamine and lastly triethylamine.…”