Supercritical fluid extraction of phyllanthin and niranthin from Phyllanthus amarus Schum. &amp; Thonn

Pereira, Rúbner Gonçalves; Nakamura, Renato; Rodrigues, Marili Villa Nova; Osorio-Tobón, J. Felipe; Garcia, Vera Lúcia; Martínez, Julián

doi:10.1016/j.supflu.2017.03.017

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Phenylpropanoids constitute the most prevalent class of compounds in the genus Phyllanthus . Thirty seven compounds ( Figure 1 , Table 1 ) were identified from P. glaucus [ 23 ], P. amarus [ 24 , 25 , 26 ], P. urinaria [ 24 ] and P. brasiliensis [ 27 ]. Among these compounds lignans such as neolignan, norlignan and sesquineolignan were the most prominent.…”

Section: Chemical Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Components and Biological Activities of the Genus Phyllanthus: A Review of the Recent Literature

Nisar

Ahmed

et al. 2018

Molecules

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Medicinal plants have served humans since prehistoric times to treat various ailments. Both developed and underdeveloped countries rely on traditional systems of medication using natural sources from plants. Phyllanthus is one of the largest genus in the family Phyllanthaceae, comprising over 700 well known species cosmopolitan in distribution mainly in the tropics and subtropics. Phyllanthus species are being in constant used in traditional medications to cure an array of human diseases (constipation, inhalation related, arthritis, loss of appetite, injuries, conjunctivitis, diarrhoea, running nose, common cold, malaria, blennorrhagia, colic, diabetes mellitus, dysentery, indigestion, fever, gout, gonorrheal diseases of males and females, skin itching, jaundice, hepatic disorders, leucorrhea, vaginitis, menstrual irregularities, obesity, stomach pains, and tumors), confectionaries, food industry, and in some pesticides. Phyllanthus species are rich in diversity of phytochemicals e.g., tannins, terpenes, alkaloids, glycosidic compounds, saponins, and flavones etc. More in depth studies are a direly needed to identify more compounds with specific cellular functions to treat various ailments.

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Section: Chemical Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Components and Biological Activities of the Genus Phyllanthus: A Review of the Recent Literature

Nisar

Ahmed

et al. 2018

Molecules

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“…For industrial unit of 50 L and 500 L, equipment estimation costs were calculated using the equation below: whereby C 2 was the unknown equipment cost with capacity Q 2 (L), C 1 was the known base cost for equipment with capacity Q 1 (L) and n was a constant depending on equipment type. Table 5 showed the base costs for 1 L SFE equipment, which was obtained from reference 25 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This way, the laboratory-scale data could be safely utilised to develop the economic evaluation for the SFE process, in which the process tendency is to sustain the extraction yield with increasing scale. According to Pereira et al 25 , the most reported drawback of SFE for the past 20 years, was high initial investment cost on industrial plants. SFE was considered as too expensive by many investors because of the high investment costs compared to conventional low-pressure equipment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scale-up approach for supercritical fluid extraction with ethanol–water modified carbon dioxide on Phyllanthus niruri for safe enriched herbal extracts

Hassim

Markom

Rosli

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Scaling-up supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) for the extraction of bioactive compounds from herbal plants is challenging, especially with the presence of alcohol-water as co-solvent. Hence, the main objective of this study is to validate the scale-up criteria of SFE process for Phyllanthus niruri (P. niruri), and analyse the extract safety and profitability process at the industrial scale. The study was performed by using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) with ethanol–water co-solvent at two operating conditions (L1: 200 bar, 60 °C and L2: 262 bar, 80 °C). The solvent-to-feed ratio (S/F) scale-up validation experiments were conducted at both operating conditions with feed mass capacity of 0.5 kg. The extraction yields and overall extraction curves obtained were almost similar to the predicted ones, with error of 5.13% and 14.2%, respectively. The safety of scale-up extract was evaluated by using a toxicity test against zebrafish embryo (FETT). The extract exhibited a low toxic effect with the LD50 value of 505.71 µg/mL. The economic evaluation using a detailed profitability analysis showed that the SFE of P. niruri was an economically feasible process, as it disclosed the encouraging values of return on investment (ROI) and net present values (NPV) for all scale-up capacities.

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“…Cubebin dimethyl ether (3), urinatetralin (4), and lintetralin (7) are have been isolated here for the first time from P. amarus, but 3 has been already been described in P. niruri while 4 and 7 have been reported from P. urinaria [33][34][35]. The other lignans (1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 9, and 10) have been already described in P. amarus [36][37][38].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Prospecting and Identifying Phyllanthus amarus Lignans with Antileishmanial and Antitrypanosomal Activity

et al. 2020

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Ten lignans (1 – 10) were isolated from the hexane-ethyl acetate extract of Phyllanthus amarus leaves. Three of them, cubebin dimethyl ether (3), urinatetralin (4), and lintetralin (7) are described for the first time in this species, while phyllanthin (1), niranthin (2), 5-demethoxyniranthin (5), isolintetralin (6), hypophyllanthin (8), nirtetralin (9), and phyltetralin (10) have been already reported from P. amarus. Among the lignans tested against Trypanosoma cruzi intracellular amastigotes, 2 was the most active with an EC50 of 35.28 µM. Lignans 2, 5, 7, and 9 showed inhibitory effects against Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes with EC50 of 56.34, 51.86, 23.57, and 43.27 µM, respectively. During in vitro infection assays, 5 reduced amastigotes by 91% at 103.68 µM concentration, whereas 7 and 9 reduced amastigotes by approximately 84% at 47.5 and 86.04 µM, respectively. Lignans 5, 7, and 9 were more potent in intracellular amastigotes with EC50 of 2.76, 8.30, and 15.83 µM, respectively, than in promastigotes. CC50 for all samples was > 100 µg/mL, thus revealing low cytotoxicity against macrophages, and selectivity against the parasite. L. amazonensis promastigotes treated with compounds 2 and 9 showed decreased respiratory control of 38% and 25%, respectively, suggesting a change in mitochondrial membrane potential and lower ATP production.

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Supercritical fluid extraction of phyllanthin and niranthin from Phyllanthus amarus Schum. & Thonn

Cited by 13 publications

References 33 publications

Chemical Components and Biological Activities of the Genus Phyllanthus: A Review of the Recent Literature

Chemical Components and Biological Activities of the Genus Phyllanthus: A Review of the Recent Literature

Scale-up approach for supercritical fluid extraction with ethanol–water modified carbon dioxide on Phyllanthus niruri for safe enriched herbal extracts

Prospecting and Identifying Phyllanthus amarus Lignans with Antileishmanial and Antitrypanosomal Activity

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