Supercritical fluid extraction of alkaloids from Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.

Abstract

a b s t r a c tIn this work a study about extracts obtained from Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. leaves with supercritical CO 2 was carried out. Experiments were performed in a pilot-scale extractor with capacity of 1 L at pressure of 120, 150, 170 and 200 bar for four temperature conditions, 313.15, 323.15, 333.15 and 343.15 K. The experimental data were fitted using a mathematical model characterized by the existence of two distinct periods of extraction. Numerical results for the adjusted parameters correlated very well the supercritical extraction experimental data. The confidence of results obtained from mathematical model and experiments was assured through the chi-square test.

Supercritical fluid extraction of volatile and non-volatile compounds from Schinus molle L.

“…Thus, the yield increases with pressure until it reaches 15 MPa and, from this condition on, there is a reduction of extract yield. Analogous behavior, i.e., a yield reduction with a pressure increase, was also obtained by Machmudah et al (2007) for total extraction of rosehip seed oil, by Leal et al (2010) for antioxidant activity of Pfaffia paniculata extracts, and by Cassel et al (2010) for total extraction of Ilex paraguariensis. This behavior can be attributed to the change in the extract composition with the variation of extraction pressure, because the pressure increase at constant temperature promotes a solvent density increase, which allows the solvent to extract higher molecular weight compounds from the vegetable matrix.…”

“…in the state of Rio Grande do Sul in southern Brazil. The plant material was dried at 313.15 K during 48 h. A sample of 200 g of dried and milled material with an average particle diameter of 2x10 -3 m was used for extraction of volatile and non-volatile compounds in a supercritical extraction pilot plant (Cassel et al, 2010).…”

“…The extractor temperature was 323.15 K and the pressure range was between 9 MPa and 20 MPa. The temperature was chosen on the basis of previous results on SFE of similar matrixes (Cassel et al, 2010;Marongiu et al, 2004). The temperature of the separator vessel was 273.15 K.…”

Supercritical CO2 extraction of Schinus molle L with co-solvents: mathematical modeling and antimicrobial applications

“…The extraction was performed in a supercritical extraction pilot plant (Cassel et al 2010, Cassel et al 2007). The solvent used was 99.9% carbon dioxide (Air Products) with a flow rate of 1.38×10 −4 kg s −1 through the extraction vessel.…”

Supercritical extraction of phloroglucinol and benzophenone derivatives from Hypericum carinatum: Quantification and mathematical modeling

“…Supercritical extractions were carried out on a pilot-scale automated equipment according to procedures previously described [27]. Powdered plant material (100 g DW) was extracted at constant temperature (40, 50 or 601C) while the pressure was successively increased from 90 to 120, 120 to 150 and 150 to 200 bar.…”