Supercritical Fluid Extract of Angelica sinensis and Zingiber officinale Roscoe Ameliorates TNBS-Induced Colitis in Rats

Abstract

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a worldwide healthcare problem calling for the development of new therapeutic drugs. Angelica sinensis and Zingiber officinale Roscoe are two common dietetic Chinese herbs, which are traditionally used for complementary treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. As bioactive constituents, volatile and pungent substances of these two herbs could be effectively extracted together by supercritical fluid extraction. In this study, the supercritical fluid extract of Angelica sinensis and Zingiber officinale Roscoe (AZ-SFE) was obtained by an optimized extraction process and it was chemically characterized. The anti-inflammatory effect and underlying mechanism of AZ-SFE were evaluated in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cell model and a 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis rat model. AZ-SFE notably inhibited the production of NO in LPS-stimulated macrophages, and it inhibited the proliferation of Concanavalin A (Con A)-induced splenocytes with suppression of the Th1 immune response. In vivo, the study demonstrated that AZ-SFE significantly alleviated disease activity, colonic shortening, macroscopic damage and histological injury of TNBS-treated rats with reduction of oxidative stress, suppression of inflammatory cytokines, and modulation of hepcidin and serum iron. These findings suggested that AZ-SFE may be a promising supplement for current IBD therapy.

Therapeutic potential of ginger against COVID-19: Is there enough evidence?

“…Ginger extract, 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 shogaols including 6-, 8- and 10-shogaol,79–82 gingerols including 8- and 10-gingerol, 79 1-dehydro-10-gingerdione, 80 and 6-Dehydrogingerdione 83 repress the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, MCP-1, RANTES, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and NO in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced mouse macrophages. Ginger extract, 6-gingerol as well as 6-shogaol downregulate IL-6, IL-8, PGE2, and iNOS in a human colonic epithelial cell line stimulated with LPS via nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) downregulation.…”

Compressed fluids and phytochemical profiling tools to obtain and characterize antiviral and anti-inflammatory compounds from natural sources

“…Anti-inflammatory activities against gastrointestinal disorders were also reported for fatty acids extracted from Bidens pilosa [29] and phytosterols of Physalis angulate [30], which attenuated the inflammation symptoms when used as preventive treatment. Other compounds such as Z-ligustilide (phtalide) and 6-gingerol (polyphenol) extracted from a mixture of ginseng and ginger (Angelica sinensis and Zingiber officinal) also relieved intestinal inflammation in rat models [31]. Finally, the in vitro gastrointestinal release of γ-oryzanol, a terpene obtained from rice bran, exhibited a potent anti-inflammatory activity, which helped to prevent colorectal cancer [32].…”

“…Thus, Guo et al [67] compared the anti-inflammatory activity of three different Piper longum extracts, with similar major constituents according to their HPLC-UV chromatograms, whereas comprehensive profiling analysis by GC-MS of the most active extract obtained by SFE allowed the identification of forty-six phytochemicals. Similarly, qualitative profiling of a Angelica sinensis and Zingiber officinale Roscoe's SFE extract (AZ-SFE) was based on GC-MS analysis, whereas the contents of major compounds ligustilide and 6-gingerol in AZ-SFE were determined by HPLC-UV using an Inertsil ODS-C18 column [31]. Following a hyphenated MS/MS-based approach, Hsu et al [35] determined the amount of the bioactive polyphenols chlorogenic acid and luteolin-7-O-glucoside in Lonicera japonica SFE extracts by HPLC-MS/MS in ESI(+) mode, The chemical composition profiles were comparatively evaluated by GC-MS analysis using a high-polarity DB-WAX capillary column.…”

Ginger and its constituents: Role in treatment of inflammatory bowel disease

“…The anti‐inflammatory action of ginger has been investigated in several animal models of IBD as well as in vitro cell culture and human clinical studies (Figure 2). Ginger exerts its anti‐inflammatory effect in IBD mainly through suppression of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and MPO 34–39 . Inhibition of TNF‐α results in downregulation of the NF‐κB signaling pathway that eventually leads to modulation of the inflammatory responses 34 .…”

“…AZ‐SFE significantly suppressed inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and MPO) and serum iron levels in a TNBS‐induced colitis rat model. Also, AZ‐SFE notably inhibited the overproduction of ‐γ, IL‐2, and T‐helper (Th)‐1 in splenocytes cell‐induced via Concanavalin A (Con A) 35 . 6‐Shogaol, a chief element of dried ginger, revealed its anti‐inflammatory activity via modulating the expression level of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory factors.…”