Supercritical fluid chromatography hyphenated to mass spectrometry for metabolomics applications

Abstract

While supercritical fluid chromatography was developed over 50 years ago, it is only over the past 15 to 20 years that it has become routinely utilized. Along with the commercialization of a new generation of instruments, during the last 20 years supercritical fluid chromatography has improved performance, reliability, and robustness. Supercritical fluid chromatography is fully compatible with mass spectrometric techniques. This review compiles the application of supercritical fluid chromatography separations coupled to mass spectrometry instrumentation for the exploration, profiling, and quantitation of metabolites during the last two decades. The selection of metabolites chosen for this article have direct applications in preclinical models of disease and clinical applications as potential biomarkers of disease including lipids, steroid hormones, bile acids, polar metabolites, peptides, and proteins.

Separation and characterization of phenylamides fromPiper kadsurausing preparative supercritical fluid chromatography and ultra‐high‐performance supercritical fluid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry

“…A total of nine compounds were detected; two of them were disubstituted, four were trisubstituted, and three were tetrasubstituted. By comparing the retention time, the isolated compounds 1-5 were identified; the other four compounds (6)(7)(8)(9) were not purified due to the low content. The MS and MS/MS data of nine compounds are listed in Table 2.…”

“…SFC is considered as a green chromatographic technique, owning to the eco-friendly mobile phase CO 2 . In recent years, SFC was widely applied in the analysis of complex samples [9][10][11]. Meanwhile, preparative SFC (prep-SFC) has been involved in the separation of natural products [12,13], and it is characterized by high preparation efficiency, low solvent consumption, and convenient sample posttreatment.…”

The effect of tandem coupling of NicoShell and TeicoShell columns in sub/supercritical fluid chromatography on enantioresolution

“…Due to the unique properties of carbon dioxide, as a major component of the mobile phase (MP), SFC has become an ideal separation technique for using multiple columns coupled in series [37]. Compared to LC, the low viscosity and high diffusivity of the MP allow performing efficient separations at a higher flow rate with a lower pressure drop [27,38,39].…”

Emerging Separation Techniques in Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

“…16) As expected, SFC actually gives effective and fast separation methods when compared to HPLC and GC in these three fields. Moreover, these SFC methods employing SFC-mass spectrometry (SFC-MS) systems enable comprehensive detection of analytes and are often applied to target/non-target analysis such as metabolomics [17][18][19] or lipidomics. [20][21][22] This review will provide technical innovations of SFC separation that are the scientific basis for the rapid increase in the number of SFC articles in the 2010 s from the point of view of analytical chemistry.…”