Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of compounds with pharmaceutical importance from microalgae

Mendes, Rui L.; Nobre, Beatriz P.; Cardoso, M.A. Tavares; Pereira, Ana Paula Aparecida; Palavra, A. M. F.

doi:10.1016/s0020-1693(03)00363-3

Cited by 369 publications

(246 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…However, microalgae biotechnology only really began to develop in the middle of last century. Since then, these microorganisms have become the focus for extensive screening of novel compounds with interesting biological activities which may lead to therapeutically useful agents (Mendes et al, 2003;Mayer and Hamann, 2005;Spolaore et al, 2006). At present, microalgae offer great possibilities for the isolation of natural substances of significant commercial interest in industries such as pharmaceuticals, alimentary or cosmetic products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral compounds obtained from microalgae commonly used as carotenoid sources

et al. 2011

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Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), an environmentally friendly technique, has been used to obtain antiviral compounds from microalgae commonly used as carotenoids sources: Haematococcus pluvialis and Dunaliella salina. The antiviral properties of PLE extracts (hexane, ethanol and water) were evaluated against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) at different stages during viral infection. Pre-treatment of Vero cells with 75 g mL -1 of H. pluvialis ethanol extract inhibited virus infection by approx. 85%, whereas the same concentration of water and hexane extracts reduced the virus infectivity 75% and 50% respectively. D. salina extracts were less effective than H. pluvialis extracts and presented a different behaviour, since water and ethanol extracts produced a similar virus inhibition (65%). Moreover, H. pluvialis ethanol extract was also the most effective against HSV-1 intracellular replication.The antiviral activity of water PLE extracts was found to correlate with polysaccharides, since the polysaccharide-rich fraction isolated from these extracts showed higher antiviral activity than the original water extracts. A GC-MS characterization of the H.pluvialis ethanol extract showed the antiviral activity of this extract could be partially related with the presence of short chain fatty acids, although other compounds could be involved in this activity; meanwhile, in the case of D. salina ethanol extract other compounds seemed to be implied, such as: β-ionone, neophytadiene, phytol, palmitic acid and α-linolenic acid.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral compounds obtained from microalgae commonly used as carotenoid sources

et al. 2011

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“…Spirulina has been used as food and nutritional supplements since long time (Dillon et al, 1995). It is generally a rich source of vitamins, essential amino acids, minerals, essential fatty acids such as γ-linolenic acid and sulfolipid (Mendes et al, 2003). Moreover, in addition to ω-3 and ω-6-polyunsaturated fatty acids, it has also phytocyanin and other phytochemicals (Chamorro et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salt stress enhancement of antioxidant and antiviral efficiency of Spirulina platensis

Shalaby¹,

Shanab²,

Singh³

2010

J. Med. Plants Res.

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Cultivation of Spirulina platensis under salt stress conditions (0.02 M as control), 0.04 and 0.08 M NaCl led to a remarkable alteration of algal metabolism as well as an enhancement or induction of biologically active compounds. Concerning algal growth, salt stress caused a decrease in dry weight, chlorophyll a content as well as certain xanthophylls (neoxanthin and violaxanthin) while β-carotene production was stimulated especially at higher salt concentrations. Biochemical analysis of salt stressed algal revealed that lipid content was slightly increased together with certain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids especially the polyunsaturated ones (γ-inolenic acid, omega 3 fatty acid). Electrophoretic analysis of soluble protein pointed out that certain high molecular weight protein bands were not detected comparing with the protein marker. Five new protein bands of molecular weights 190, 158, 113, 77 and 28 KDa were recorded, in addition to an increase in the intensity of 6 already existing bands. Phosphate buffer and water extracts of the algal exhibited antiviral activities against both Hepatitis-A-virus-type-MBB (HAV-MBB strain, RNA virus) and Herpes simplex-virus-type-1 (HSV-1, DNA virus). Water extracts were found to be more effective than phosphate buffer extracts in inducing antiviral activities (98%) especially against HSV-1 virus. The same water extract of the salt stressed algal demonstrated higher anticoagulating activity compared with those of heparin and the positive control measured by clotting time assay. Antioxidant activity of the algal successive extracts against 2, 2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis (ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical methods revealed moderate antioxidant activity of the non-polar algal extracts (petroleum ether) which were doubled with increasing extract concentration. The lowest activity was recorded by the partially polar (ethyl acetate) algal extract of both concentrations at all salinity levels. While the polar extracts (ethanol and water) showed higher antioxidant activities which were doubled with increasing extract concentration. Ethanolic algal extract (100 µg/ ml at 0.08 M NaCl) exhibited the highest antioxidant activity compared with those of the synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxy anisol as standard (85.0, 89.9 and 86.0, 91.8% respectively).Key words: Spirulina platensis, antioxidant-antivirus, biochemical studies, salt stress. INTRODUCTIONMany cyanobacteria and micro algae were considered as a natural source of various biologically and pharmacologically active compounds with structurally complex molecules which are difficult or impossible to be *Corresponding author. E-mail: dremad2009@yahoo.com.produced by chemical synthesis (Smith and Doan, 1999). Genus Spirulina has gained an importance and international demand for its high phytonutrients value and pigments which have applications in healthy foods, animal feed, therapeutics and diagnostics (Becker, 1994;Vonshak and Tomaselli, 2000). Spirulina has been used as food and nutritional ...

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“…ethanol, ethyl acetate) or supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) using carbon dioxide can be applied sequentially to separate products according to their polarity. Both extraction methods operate at high pressure and moderate temperature and can thus preserve the nutritional value and techno-functionality of the recovered compounds (Liau et al 2010;Mendes et al 2003;Pieber et al 2012). Furthermore, there are several suitable solvents that meet the requirements and regulations of the food and feed sectors.…”

Section: Cascaded Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Production

et al. 2017

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Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of compounds with pharmaceutical importance from microalgae

Cited by 369 publications

References 9 publications

Antiviral compounds obtained from microalgae commonly used as carotenoid sources

Antiviral compounds obtained from microalgae commonly used as carotenoid sources

Salt stress enhancement of antioxidant and antiviral efficiency of Spirulina platensis

Primary Production

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