“…Major bioactive compounds that have already been identified in the berries are ascorbic acid (Tiitinen, Hakala, & Kallio, 2005;Tiitinen, Yang, Haraldsson, Jonsdottir, & Kallio, 2006), carotenoids (Andersson, Olsson, Johansson, & Rumpunen, 2009), lipids (Kallio, Yang, Peippo, Tahvonen, & Pan, 2002;, phenols (Arimboor, Kumar, & Arumughan, 2008;Rosch, Bergmann, Knorr, & Kroh, 2003;Sharma et al, 2008), phytoestrogens (Yang, Linko, Adlercreutz, & Kallio, 2006), phytosterols (Li, Beveridge, & Drover, 2007;Yang, Karlsson, Oksman, & Kallio, 2001), tocopherols (Andersson, Rumpunen, Johansson, & Olsson, 2008;, and triterpenes (Cossuta, Simandi, Hohmann, Doleschall, & Keve, 2007), all in significant amounts.…”