Superconducting FCL: Design and Application

Abstract

Design, parameters, and application areas of a superconducting fault current limiter (FCL) are analyzed on the basis of the requirements of power systems. The comparison of resistive and inductive designs is carried out. An example of the effective application of FCLs in distribution substations is considered and the gain from the FCL installation is discussed. It is shown that an FCL not only limits a fault current but also increases the dynamic stability of the synchronous operation of electric machines. The calculation procedure of the parameters of an inductive FCL for a specific application case is described.Index Terms-Fault current limiter (FCL), high-temperature superconductor (HTS), power system.

Novel Dual-FCL Connection with Neuro-fuzzy controller for Adding DG to a Power Distribution Utility

“…The currents, which are detected by CS1 and CS2, are used as the inputs of the neurofuzzy controller, Typically, the occurrence of a fault is distinguished when the fault current exceeds two times rated current of the DG with over-current relay scheme [4]- [6]. The positive direction of the current through FCL_DG is defined from the DG to Local Bus, while the positive direction of the current through FCL_Grid is defined from Local Bus to the Grid.…”

“…These include sub-cycle operation in response to faults [1], [2], reduced damage at the point of fault [3], [4], and the opportunity for increased network interconnection [5]. Fault current limiting devices are becoming increasingly important because of the connection of distributed generation (DG) [6] and in systems where fault levels are inherently high, such as marine vessels [3], [7].…”

The effect of fault current limiter size and type on current limitation in the presence of distributed generation

“…Moreover, the value of this impedance is variable in some FCLs. For the sake of simplicity, the value of this impedance is assumed to be constant at the time of fault occurrence [11]. Presently two basic designs are given main attention: resistive and inductive.…”

“…Presently two basic designs are given main attention: resistive and inductive. Most other proposed devices are based on these designs and must meet the same requirements [11].…”

Thermal Behaviour and Refrigeration of High-Temperature Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Microlimiters

“…Superconducting fault current limiters (SFCL) based on high temperature superconductors (HTSC) of different types, inductive, resistive or hybrid, have being extendedly studied (Noe & Steurer, 2007;Sokolovsky et al, 2004;Paul et al, 2001) and tested in power plants (Paul et al, 1997;Leung et al, 1997;Zueger et al, 1998). Inductive SFCL, intended to operate at very high powers, are in general based on bulk HTSC whereas resistive or hybrid types are based on both bulk (mainly in the shape of bars) and thin films grown on different types of substrates and mainly patterned in meandered paths.…”