Supercapacitor performances of titanium–polymeric nanocomposites: a review study

Abstract

This review article presents a research and technological investigation on supercapacitors and describes the recent advances of titanium-based materials in these areas. The introduction covers the properties of titanium materials, electrochemical performances of total stored charges, electric double layer capacitance (EDLC), and pseudocapacitance. The following two sections focus on the synthesis and capacitance results of titanium carbide (Ti 3 C 2 Tx) and titanium nitride (TiN), respectively. In the last section of this review, the role of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) is demonstrated in the supercapacitors of TiO 2 -based, carbon/TiO 2 -based, metal/TiO 2 -based, and conducting polymer/TiO 2 nanocomposites. Many factors affect the electrochemical performance of supercapacitor devices, such as doping process, conductivity, interaction between components of nanocomposite, electrolyte type, and structure type, etc. In the end, future perspectives and challenges are summarized and considered for future TiO 2 -based nanocomposite supercapacitors. A total of 182 references are cited to understand the effects of TiO 2 -based materials on supercapacitor device performances.

Intrinsically Conducting Polymer Composites as Active Masses in Supercapacitors

“…In addition, some composites of ICPs with various rare earth metal oxides [ 233 ] and a few metal oxide/polyindole composites have been examined [ 78 ]. Contradictorily to the title (suggesting titanium/polymer composites), mostly TiO 2 -polymer composites were inspected as supercapacitor electrode materials, MXene’s with titanium appear in passing, in [ 234 ]. The stabilities of electrodes and/or devices with ICP-containing composites were not addressed.…”

Nanostructured TiO2 Arrays for Energy Storage

“…Despite the inherent low area capacitance properties of TiO 2 , relatively high performance can be obtained by a range of methods [ 208 , 213 , 214 , 215 ]. Compositing with C materials [ 216 , 217 , 218 ], H 2 treatment [ 219 ], plasma treatment [ 220 ], electrochemical doping [ 221 , 222 , 223 ], and synthesizing black or blue TiO 2 [ 224 , 225 ], have also been performed to improve the conductivity and capacitances of TiO 2 nanoarrays.…”