“…For example, fifty-four cryptic species have been identified among nine modern planktonic foraminiferal morphospecies commonly used for paleoceanographic reconstructions (Kucera and Darling, 2002;Darling and Wade, 2008;Morard et al, 2013). Several studies suggest that cryptic species can differ in their ecological preferences (Huber et al, 1997;Darling et al, 1999;de Vargas et al, 1999de Vargas et al, , 2003Stewart et al, 2001;Kuroyanagi and Kawahata, 2004;Morard et al, 2009Morard et al, , 2013Aurahs et al, 2011) and emphasize the importance of distinguishing between genotypes for paleoceanographic reconstructions (Kucera and Darling, 2002). Based on these findings, it is likely that a morphotype/genotype "lumping" approach for geochemical, morphometric and distribution analyses introduces a significant amount of noise into paleoclimate records.…”