¹H‐MRS for the assessment of renal triglyceride content in humans at 3T: A primer and reproducibility study

Abstract

3 Technical Efficacy: Stage 1 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2018;48:507-513.

Evaluation of the effects of ezetimibe on albuminuria and kidney fat in individuals with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease

“…The ezetimibe and placebo groups were largely balanced with few exceptions (Table 1). Overall, the mean age was 67 ± 7 years, the proportion of men was 84% and the median (first-third quartile) T2D duration was 19 (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26) years. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] The mean body mass index was 31 ± 4 kg/m 2 and eGFR was 76 ± 22 mL/min/1.73m 2 .…”

“…[7][8][9][10][11][12] Measuring fat in the kidney parenchyma non-invasively appears feasible with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques and has previously yielded results indicating higher kidney parenchyma fat content (kidney-PF) in individuals with T2D with and without CKD than in individuals without T2D. [13][14][15] Discrepant strategies exist to target kidney fat. General weight loss, either by lifestyle, surgical or pharmacological intervention, is accompanied by loss of visceral and ectopic fat, 5,6,16,17 including kidney fat, 18,19 as well as improvements in kidney outcomes.…”

Fatty kidney disease: The importance of ectopic fat deposition and the potential value of imaging

“…The assessment of renal triglyceride content by Dutch groups is encouraging. 43,44 Noninvasive molecular imaging of kidney disease is progressing and, it is hoped, can measure renal triglyceride/fat as well. 45,46 In a weight loss study, MRI was able to assess fat loss in RSF but could not detect any change in renal parenchymal fat.…”

“…Hilar fat and RSF should perhaps be considered a combined “entity” because a demarcation is not possible. The assessment of renal triglyceride content by Dutch groups is encouraging 43,44 …”

Technical recommendations for clinical translation of renal MRI: a consensus project of the Cooperation in Science and Technology Action PARENCHIMA

“…Examples of relatively mature areas that would benefit from recommendations are renal dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI or MRI renography [28][29][30][31][32][33][34], phasecontrast MRI of the renal arteries [35][36][37][38], or MRI volumetry [39][40][41][42]. Emerging methods such as magnetisation transfer imaging [43,44], renal MR elastography [45][46][47][48], renal MRI spectroscopy [49,50], positron emission tomography (PET)/MRI [51], chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) [52], 7T renal MRI [53], 23 Na MRI [54] and hyperpolarised [1-13 C]pyruvate MRI [55] and 129 Xe MRI could also be potential candidates for recommendations. Other perspectives that could be taken in future work include the development of recommendations for biomarker panels where different complementary multiparametric sequences are run in the same study, or dedicated recommendations for cross-cutting issues such as region of interest (ROI) definition.…”