Sunlight Exposure, Pigmentation, and Incident Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Klein, Barbara E.K.; Howard, Kathleen P.; Iyengar, Sudha K.; Sivakumaran, Theru A.; Meyers, Kristin J.; Cruickshanks, Karen J.; Klein, Ronald

doi:10.1167/iovs.14-14602

Cited by 30 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…More recently, Klein et al found a modest association of iris color with incidence of early AMD, however there was no association between AMD development and gene markers of iris pigmentation variability (Klein et al, 2014). Another recent study by Schick et al (2015) found no association between iride color and early or late AMD (Schick et al, 2015).…”

Section: Biomarkers Of Susceptibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As AMD is a multi-factorial disease, both genetic and environmental aspects determine development and progression of AMD. Environmental exposure may influence expression of genetic determinants of AMD and genetic susceptibility can worsen effects of environmental exposure (Klein et al, 2014). Both of these factors may also be influenced by epigenetic changes as well (Hutchinson et al, 2014).…”

Section: Biomarkers Of Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk factors and biomarkers of age-related macular degeneration

Lambert

Elshelmani

Singh

et al. 2016

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

282

240

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A biomarker can be a substance or structure measured in body parts, fluids or products that can affect or predict disease incidence. As age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the developed world, much research and effort has been invested in the identification of different biomarkers to predict disease incidence, identify at risk individuals, elucidate causative pathophysiological etiologies, guide screening, monitoring and treatment parameters, and predict disease outcomes. To date, a host of genetic, environmental, proteomic, and cellular targets have been identified as both risk factors and potential biomarkers for AMD. Despite this, their use has been confined to research settings and has not yet crossed into the clinical arena. A greater understanding of these factors and their use as potential biomarkers for AMD can guide future research and clinical practice. This article will discuss known risk factors and novel, potential biomarkers of AMD in addition to their application in both academic and clinical settings.

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Section: Biomarkers Of Susceptibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biomarkers Of Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors and biomarkers of age-related macular degeneration

Lambert

Elshelmani

Singh

et al. 2016

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

282

240

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[6–9] This process may explain why excessive sunlight exposure associates with age-related macular degeneration (AMD),[10–12] the third leading cause of worldwide blindness,[13] though other hypotheses have been advanced. [14–16]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blue-Light Filtering Spectacle Lenses: Optical and Clinical Performances

2017

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PurposesTo evaluate the optical performance of blue-light filtering spectacle lenses and investigate whether a reduction in blue light transmission affects visual performance and sleep quality.MethodsExperiment 1: The relative changes in phototoxicity, scotopic sensitivity, and melatonin suppression of five blue-light filtering plano spectacle lenses were calculated based on their spectral transmittances measured by a spectrophotometer. Experiment 2: A pseudo-randomized controlled study was conducted to evaluate the clinical performance of two blue-light filtering spectacle lenses (BF: blue-filtering anti-reflection coating; BT: brown-tinted) with a regular clear lens (AR) serving as a control. A total of eighty computer users were recruited from two age cohorts (young adults: 18–30 yrs, middle-aged adults: 40–55 yrs). Contrast sensitivity under standard and glare conditions, and colour discrimination were measured using standard clinical tests. After one month of lens wear, subjective ratings of lens performance were collected by questionnaire.ResultsAll tested blue-light filtering spectacle lenses theoretically reduced the calculated phototoxicity by 10.6% to 23.6%. Although use of the blue-light filters also decreased scotopic sensitivity by 2.4% to 9.6%, and melatonin suppression by 5.8% to 15.0%, over 70% of the participants could not detect these optical changes. Our clinical tests revealed no significant decrease in contrast sensitivity either with (95% confidence intervals [CI]: AR–BT [–0.05, 0.05]; AR–BF [–0.05, 0.06]; BT–BF [–0.06, 0.06]) or without glare (95% CI: AR–BT [–0.01, 0.03]; AR–BF [–0.01, 0.03]; BT–BF [–0.02, 0.02]) and colour discrimination (95% CI: AR–BT [–9.07, 1.02]; AR–BF [–7.06, 4.46]; BT–BF [–3.12, 8.57]).ConclusionBlue-light filtering spectacle lenses can partially filter high-energy short-wavelength light without substantially degrading visual performance and sleep quality. These lenses may serve as a supplementary option for protecting the retina from potential blue-light hazard.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT02821403

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“…The phototoxicity-AMD theory is controversially discussed for the past 20 years: some large population-based studies did find an association between environmental light exposure and AMD, while other large population-based failed to support this relationship (Delcourt et al, 2014;Klein et al, 2014;Mainster and Turner, 2009). However, factors of age, gender, genetic factors, smoking, cardiovascular disease, iris colour, even internal antioxidant levels might affect the results (Klein et al, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%