Sun Exposure and the Risk of Prostate Cancer in the Singapore Prostate Cancer Study: a Case-control Study

Chia, Sin Eng; Wong, Yin Kwan; Cheng, Christopher; Lau, Weber; Tan, Puay‐Hoon

doi:10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.7.3179

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…A recent review has suggested that the probable harmful effect of dairy intakes on cancer is dose-dependent and it may occur only in excessive and indiscriminate intakes rather than regular daily intakes (Davoodi et al, 2013). Furthermore, there is evidence that excessive sun exposure is a risk factor for prostate cancer in Asians (Chia et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Patterns in Relation to Prostate Cancer in Iranian Men: A Case-Control Study

Askari¹,

Parizi²,

Jessri³

et al. 2014

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Background: Prostate cancer is the most frequently occurring cancer among males in economically developed countries. Among the several risk factors that have been suggested, only age, ethnicity, diabetes, and family history of prostate cancer are well-established and primary prevention of this disease is limited. Prior studies had shown that dietary intake could be modified to reduce cancer risk. We conducted a hospital-based, casecontrol study to examine the association between dietary patterns and prostate cancer risk in Iran. Materials and Methods: A total of fifty patients with prostate cancer and a hundred controls underwent face-to-face interviews. Factor analysis was used to determine the dietary patterns. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: We defined two major dietary patterns in this population: 'western diet'(high in sweets and desserts, organ meat, snacks, tea and coffee, French fries, salt, carbonated drinks, red or processed meat) and 'healthy diet' (high in legumes, fish, dairy products, fruits and fruit juice, vegetables, boiled potatoes ,whole cereal and egg). Both Healthy and western pattern scores were divided into two categories (based on medians). Higher scores on Healthy pattern was marginally significantly related to decreased risk of prostate cancer (above median vs below median, OR =0.4, 95%CI=0.2-1.0). An increased risk of prostate cancer was observed with the higher scores on the Western pattern (above median vs below median, OR=4.0, 95%CI=1.5-11.0). Conclusions: The results of this study suggested that diet might be associated with prostate cancer among Iranian males.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Patterns in Relation to Prostate Cancer in Iranian Men: A Case-Control Study

Askari¹,

Parizi²,

Jessri³

et al. 2014

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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“…Finally, two case–control studies documented an excess risk of PCa among individuals who had spent the greatest number of hours outdoor either recently [19], or at the ages of 30 and 50 years [20]. One [19] was conducted in Singapore (240 cases, 268 controls) while the other [20], in New South Wales, Australia (1084 cases and 234 controls).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One [19] was conducted in Singapore (240 cases, 268 controls) while the other [20], in New South Wales, Australia (1084 cases and 234 controls). In both studies, positive associations were apparent for all cancers, as well as for aggressive ones [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All of these studies, except one [13], suggested a protective effect of sunlight exposure. However, results from the few analytical studies conducted to date, using different sunlight exposure assessment methods, are inconsistent, documenting an inverse association [14–17], no association [18], or a positive association between sunlight exposure and PCa risk [19, 20]. Whether sunlight exposure is actually involved in PCa development remains to be clarified through analytical studies based on strong study designs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sunlight exposure during leisure activities and risk of prostate cancer in Montréal, Canada, 2005–2009

Lavoué

Parent

2014

BMC Public Health

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BackgroundProstate cancer (PCa) is the leading cause of cancer in men in many developed countries, but no modifiable risk factors have been identified. A handful of analytical studies have suggested a possible etiological role for sunlight exposure. We report here on the association between leisure-time sunlight exposure during adulthood and PCa risk in the context of a population-based case–control study.MethodsIn all, 1,904 PCa cases were ascertained across Montreal French hospitals between 2005 and 2009. Concurrently, 1,962 population controls, frequency matched to cases by age (±5 years), were selected from the electoral list for French-speakers in Greater Montreal. Interviews elicited the frequency of engagement in any leisure activity during adulthood. This was used to derive cumulative sunlight exposure indices: a cumulative number of leisure activities events entailing sunlight exposure and a cumulative duration of sunlight exposure during leisure activities. Unconditional logistic regression was conducted to yield odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for estimating the association between sunlight exposure indices and PCa risk, adjusting for age, ancestry, family history of PCa, PCa screening, education, solar protection, body mass index and physical activity.ResultsCompared with men in the upper quartile category for the number of sunlight exposure events, men never exposed during leisure time had an OR of 1.32 (95% CI: 0.82-2.14). ORs were 1.11, 0.91 and 1.00 for the first to the third quartiles of exposure, respectively. Similar results were observed for cumulative duration of exposure to sunlight, and by PCa aggressiveness.ConclusionThese findings provide little evidence of an association between sunlight exposure during leisure-time and PCa risk. Men with no sunlight exposure appeared at somewhat higher risks but none of the estimates achieved statistical significance.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-756) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…As evidence of these complex relationships, several studies have not found a relationship between either sun exposure or vitamin D and prostate cancer 12–14. Evidence also exists showing the opposite relationship, that sun exposure may increase the risk of prostate cancer, particularly in areas of high UVR 15 16. In addition, a review on vitamin D and cancer risk by the International Agency for Research on Cancer in 2008 did not find evidence for a protective effect of vitamin D on prostate cancer 17…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation and the risk of prostate cancer

et al. 2016

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Sun Exposure and the Risk of Prostate Cancer in the Singapore Prostate Cancer Study: a Case-control Study

Cited by 22 publications

References 13 publications

Dietary Patterns in Relation to Prostate Cancer in Iranian Men: A Case-Control Study

Dietary Patterns in Relation to Prostate Cancer in Iranian Men: A Case-Control Study

Sunlight exposure during leisure activities and risk of prostate cancer in Montréal, Canada, 2005–2009

Occupational exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation and the risk of prostate cancer

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