Summer mortalities and detection of ostreid herpesvirus microvariant in Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas in Sweden and Norway

Mortensen, Stein; Strand, Åsa; Bodvin, Torjan; Alfjorden, Anders; Skår, Cecilie K.; Jelmert, Anders; Aspán, Anna; Sælemyr, Lisbeth; Naustvoll, Lars-Johan; Albretsen, Jon

doi:10.3354/dao02944

Cited by 45 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…However, pathogenic bacteria and viral infections resembling the widespread summer disease syndrome (SDS) are known to affect populations in adjacent regions (Watermann et al 2008; Thieltges et al 2013; Wendling et al 2014; Mortensen et al 2016) and the recent recruitment failure and population decline (2015/2016) were associated with increased loads of oyster herpes virus (OsHv1, unpublished data). This may suggest that disease can also play an important role for the population dynamics of feral oysters on Sylt.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasion trajectory of Pacific oysters in the northern Wadden Sea

et al. 2017

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Invasion trajectories of introduced alien species usually begin with a long establishment phase of low abundance, often followed by exponential expansion and subsequent adjustment phases. We review the first 26 years of feral Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas around the island of Sylt in the Wadden Sea (North Sea, NE Atlantic), and reveal causal conditions for the invasion phases. Sea-based oyster farming with repeated introductions made establishment of feral oysters almost inevitable. Beds of mussels Mytilus edulis on mud flats offered firm substrate for attachment and ideal growth conditions around low tide level. C. gigas mapped on to the spatial pattern of mussel beds. During the 1990s, cold summers often hampered recruitment and abundances remained low but oyster longevity secured persistence. Since the 2000s, summers were often warmer and recruitment more regular. Young oysters attached to adult oysters and abundances of >1000 m−2 were achieved. However, peak abundance was followed by recruitment failure. The population declined and then was also struck by ice winters causing high mortality. Recovery was fast (>2000 m−2) but then recruitment failed again. We expect adjustment phase will proceed with mean abundance of about 1000 m−2 but density-dependent (e.g., diseases) and density-independent (e.g., weather anomalies) events causing strong fluctuations. With continued global warming, feral C. gigas at the current invasion fronts in British estuaries and Scandinavian fjords may show similar adjustment trajectories as observed in the northern Wadden Sea, and also other marine introductions may follow the invasion trajectory of Pacific oysters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasion trajectory of Pacific oysters in the northern Wadden Sea

et al. 2017

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“…Oyster herpesvirus type 1 variant μvar (OsHV-1 μvar) was also found associated with Pacific oyster mass mortalities in Ireland, Italy, The Netherlands, Spain, the U.K. and in Australia, New Zealand and Korea, but is known to be detected elsewhere in the absence of oyster mortalities (e.g., Japan) [13]. Recently, OsHV-1 was detected in C. gigas in Japan and South Korea associated with mass mortality rate [14,15] and in Sweden and Norway [16]. In the Thau Lagoon (France), OsHV-1 and, secondarily Vibrio splendidus are responsible for mass mortality of C. gigas [17].…”

Section: Infectious Diseases Of Marine Bivalve Mollusksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Diseases of Bivalve Mollusks: Infections, Immunology and Antimicrobial Defense

et al. 2017

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A variety of bivalve mollusks (phylum Mollusca, class Bivalvia) constitute a prominent commodity in fisheries and aquacultures, but are also crucial in order to preserve our ecosystem’s complexity and function. Bivalve mollusks, such as clams, mussels, oysters and scallops, are relevant bred species, and their global farming maintains a high incremental annual growth rate, representing a considerable proportion of the overall fishery activities. Bivalve mollusks are filter feeders; therefore by filtering a great quantity of water, they may bioaccumulate in their tissues a high number of microorganisms that can be considered infectious for humans and higher vertebrates. Moreover, since some pathogens are also able to infect bivalve mollusks, they are a threat for the entire mollusk farming industry. In consideration of the leading role in aquaculture and the growing financial importance of bivalve farming, much interest has been recently devoted to investigate the pathogenesis of infectious diseases of these mollusks in order to be prepared for public health emergencies and to avoid dreadful income losses. Several bacterial and viral pathogens will be described herein. Despite the minor complexity of the organization of the immune system of bivalves, compared to mammalian immune systems, a precise description of the different mechanisms that induce its activation and functioning is still missing. In the present review, a substantial consideration will be devoted in outlining the immune responses of bivalves and their repertoire of immune cells. Finally, we will focus on the description of antimicrobial peptides that have been identified and characterized in bivalve mollusks. Their structural and antimicrobial features are also of great interest for the biotechnology sector as antimicrobial templates to combat the increasing antibiotic-resistance of different pathogenic bacteria that plague the human population all over the world.

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“…Recent studies of the Pacific oyster industry have primarily focused on growth and yield [7–10], summer mortality [11–14], germplasm diversity [15–18], and viral infection [14, 19–21]. In the last decade, studies have mapped important traits [12, 22–24]and whole genome sequencing of C .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction and evaluation of a high-density SNP array for the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas)

Song

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are widely used in genetics and genomics research. The Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) is an economically and ecologically important marine bivalve, and it possesses one of the highest levels of genomic DNA variation among animal species. Pacific oyster SNPs have been extensively investigated; however, the mechanisms by which these SNPs may be used in a high-throughput, transferable, and economical manner remain to be elucidated. Here, we constructed an oyster 190K SNP array using Affymetrix Axiom genotyping technology. We designed 190,420 SNPs on the chip; these SNPs were selected from 54 million SNPs identified through re-sequencing of 472 Pacific oysters collected in China, Japan, Korea, and Canada. Our genotyping results indicated that 133,984 (70.4%) SNPs were polymorphic and successfully converted on the chip. The SNPs were distributed evenly throughout the oyster genome, located in 3,595 scaffolds with a length of ~509.4 million; the average interval spacing was 4,210 bp. In addition, 111,158 SNPs were distributed in 21,050 coding genes, with an average of 5.3 SNPs per gene. In comparison with genotypes obtained through re-sequencing, ~69% of the converted SNPs had a concordance rate of >0.971; the mean concordance rate was 0.966. Evaluation based on genotypes of full-sib family individuals revealed that the average genotyping accuracy rate was 0.975. Carrying 133 K polymorphic SNPs, our oyster 190K SNP array is the first commercially available high-density SNP chip for mollusks, with the highest throughput. It represents a valuable tool for oyster genome-wide association studies, fine linkage mapping, and population genetics.

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Summer mortalities and detection of ostreid herpesvirus microvariant in Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas in Sweden and Norway

Cited by 45 publications

References 24 publications

Invasion trajectory of Pacific oysters in the northern Wadden Sea

Invasion trajectory of Pacific oysters in the northern Wadden Sea

Microbial Diseases of Bivalve Mollusks: Infections, Immunology and Antimicrobial Defense

Construction and evaluation of a high-density SNP array for the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas)

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