Summer and Winter Marine Heatwaves Favor an Invasive Over Native Seaweeds

Atkinson, Joanne; King, Nathan G.; Wilmes, Sophie B.; Moore, Pippa J.

doi:10.1111/jpy.13051

Cited by 37 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(106 reference statements)

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“…MHWs defined as a prolonged discrete anomalously high sea surface temperature (SST) in a particular location ( Hobday et al., 2016 , 2018 ). MHWs have been observed in many locations in the world ocean and can occur both in summer and winter-known as “winter warm-spells” ( Atkinson et al., 2020 ; Hobday et al., 2018 ; Oliver et al., 2018a ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine heatwaves of sea surface temperature off south Java

Iskandar¹,

Ismail²,

Arifin³

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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The frequency of marine heatwaves (MHWs) events has been rising globally in recent years, and this trend is expected to continue in the region off the coast of south Java Island. These oceanic extreme events may have the potential to devastate marine habitats, ecosystems and fisheries. This paper characterized MHWs off south Java from 1982 to 2019 using satellite-observed sea surface temperature. The aim of this study was to examine the dynamics of MHWs in one of Indonesia's most important fisheries hotspots, located in the southeast of the tropical Indian Ocean. We have identified two strong MHWs events in 1998 and 2016, both of which started in the austral winter months. Both events were lasted through the spring before dissipating in the early austral winter. These intense MHWs were likely related to a strong El Niño and decreased monsoon activity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine heatwaves of sea surface temperature off south Java

Iskandar¹,

Ismail²,

Arifin³

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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“…In addition, simulated summer MHWs reduced growth rates of native seaweeds (Fucus serratus and Chondrus crispus) while increased growth rates of Sargassum muticum. Similarly, simulated MHWs reduced the maximum quantum yield of PSII of Fucus serratus and Chondrus crispus in both winter and summer but did not affect it in winter and even promoted it in summer for Sargassum muticum (Atkinson et al, 2020).…”

Section: Structure Shift Of Macroalgae Under Marine Heatwavesmentioning

confidence: 89%

Impacts of Marine Heatwaves on Algal Structure and Carbon Sequestration in Conjunction With Ocean Warming and Acidification

et al. 2021

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As the ocean warms, the frequency, duration, intensity, and range of marine heatwaves (MHWs) increase. MHWs are becoming a severe challenge for marine ecosystems. However, our understanding in regard to their impacts on algal structure and carbon sequestration is still deficient or fragmentary, particularly when combined with ocean warming and acidification. In this paper, we reviewed the impacts of MHWs individually and combined with ocean warming and acidification on regime shift in algal community and carbon sequestration of both macroalgae and microalgae. Solid evidence shows that MHWs cause the decline of large canopy macroalgae and increase of turf-forming macroalgae in abundance, leading to the regime shift from kelp forests to seaweed turfs. Furthermore, increased grazing pressure on kelps due to tropicalization facilitates the expansion of turfs that prevent the recovery of kelps through plundering light and space. Meanwhile, MHWs could trigger microalgal blooms and the intensity of algal blooms is regulated by the severity of MHWs and nutrient availability. MHWs could lead to the decrease of carbon burial and sequestration by canopy-forming macroalgae due to depressed growth and increased mortality. The effects of MHWs on the productivity of microalgae are latitude-dependent: negative effects at low and mid-latitudes whilst positive effects at high latitudes. Ocean warming and acidification may accelerate the shift from kelps to turfs and thus decrease the carbon sequestration by canopy-forming macroalgae further. We propose that MHWs combined with ocean warming and acidification would reduce the biodiversity and facilitate the thriving of morphologically simple, ephemeral and opportunistic turfs and diatoms in coastal oceans, and phytoplankton with smaller size in open oceans. This structure shift would not be in favor of long-term carbon sequestration. Future studies could be conducted to test this hypothesis and investigate the impacts of MHWs on carbon sequestration under future ocean conditions.

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“…2019a), and seasonal timing (Atkinson et al. 2020, Wahl et al. 2020) also need to be taken into consideration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence of seaweed forests in the anthropocene will depend on warming and marine heatwave profiles

Straub

Wernberg

Marzinelli

et al. 2021

Journal of Phycology

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Marine heatwaves (MHWs), discrete periods of extreme warm water temperatures superimposed onto persistent ocean warming, have increased in frequency and significantly disrupted marine ecosystems. While field observations on the ecological consequences of MHWs are growing, a mechanistic understanding of their direct effects is rare. We conducted an outdoor tank experiment testing how different thermal stressor profiles impacted the ecophysiological performance of three dominant forest‐forming seaweeds. Four thermal scenarios were tested: contemporary summer temperature (22°C), low persistent warming (24°C), a discrete MHW (22–27°C), and temperature variability followed by a MHW (22–24°C, 22–27°C). The physiological performance of seaweeds was strongly related to thermal profile and varied among species, with the highest temperature not always having the strongest effect. MHWs were highly detrimental for the fucoid Phyllospora comosa, whereas the laminarian kelp Ecklonia radiata showed sensitivity to extended thermal stress and demonstrated a cumulative temperature threshold. The fucoid Sargassum linearifolium showed resilience, albeit with signs of decline with bleached and degraded fronds, under all conditions, with stronger decline under stable control and warming conditions. The varying responses of these three co‐occurring forest‐forming seaweeds under different temperature scenarios suggests that the impact of ocean warming on near shore ecosystems may be complex and will depend on the specific thermal profile of rising water temperatures relative to the vulnerability of different species.

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Summer and Winter Marine Heatwaves Favor an Invasive Over Native Seaweeds

Cited by 37 publications

References 62 publications

Marine heatwaves of sea surface temperature off south Java

Marine heatwaves of sea surface temperature off south Java

Impacts of Marine Heatwaves on Algal Structure and Carbon Sequestration in Conjunction With Ocean Warming and Acidification

Persistence of seaweed forests in the anthropocene will depend on warming and marine heatwave profiles

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