Summary of human responses to ventilation

Seppänen, Olli; Fisk, William J.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2004.00279.x

Cited by 204 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The currant data was able to demonstrate that the fungal concentrations could be associated with indoor source of contamination other than human origin. The effect of air temperature on thermal comfort is well known, but its effect on air quality is not widely recognized (Seppänen & Fisk, 2004). This study also demonstrated that occupancy in airconditioned indoor environment had impact in the temperature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…It is known that ventilation is necessary to remove the indoorgenerated pollutants to acceptable values. But as the limit values of all indoor pollutants are not known, the exact determination of required ventilation rates based on pollutants concentrations and associated risk is seldom possible (Seppänen & Fisk, 2004). The effects of ventilation on indoors air quality and health is a complex issue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Indoor Air quality related to occupancy at an air-conditioned public building

Ponsoni

Raddi

2010

Braz. arch. biol. technol.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor Air quality related to occupancy at an air-conditioned public building

Ponsoni

Raddi

2010

Braz. arch. biol. technol.

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“…Positive effects have been demonstrated such as health benefits and better productivity of workers when HVAC systems are well operated (Sepp€ anen and Fisk 2004;Yu et al 2009;Xu et al 2010). Nevertheless, systems have been suspected as sources of contamination when they are not welldesigned or operated (Chow et al 2005;Yu et al 2009;Li et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Filtration performances of HVAC filters for PM10 and microbial aerosols— Influence of management in a lab-scale air handling unit

González

Joubert

Andrès

et al. 2016

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Filtration performances of air handling unit (AHU) filters for particles and microbial aerosols were investigated. The influence of the AHU operational conditions on the behavior of microorganisms collected on the filters was also studied. A lab-scale AHU with two filtration stages was developed and validated for the study of downsized filters with industrial geometries. Three types of filters of different efficiency were considered: G4, F7, and F9, according to European standard EN 779. Two configurations of filters were studied: G4 pleated/F7 bag and F7/F9 bag. Filters were sequentially clogged by alumina particles, which provided a mineral fraction in the particulate cake, and then by micronized rice particles, which provided the fungus Penicillium chrysogenum and an organic fraction that acts as a substrate for microorganisms. Finally, a microbial aerosol composed of endospores of Bacillus subtilis and spores of Aspergillus niger was nebulized to contaminate filters. After clogging, periods of 5 days on and 2 day weekend stops with restarts of ventilation were simulated for 6 weeks. The results showed that the filter efficiency for particles was quite comparable to that for microbial aerosols expressed in cultivable concentration. The particulate cake composed of alumina and micronized rice particles enabled the growth of the endogenous species P. chrysogenum and the survival of exogenous species B. subtilis and A. niger on filters. During restarts of ventilation, low particle concentrations were detected downstream of the second filtration stages by release but the microbial concentration from the fraction of air sampled was below the detection limit.

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“…One important factor to maintain good IAQ is ventilation. Appropriate ventilation that adequately provides clean fresh air removes air pollutants present in indoor air, as well as reduces moisture and condensation, which in turn eliminates mould growth (Seppänen and Fisk, 2004). Building characteristics in terms of ventilation and air-conditioning systems can result in differences in ventilation levels between buildings and consequently lead to different IAQ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of PM_2.5 and carbon dioxide levels in urban homes

Abdel-Salam

2015

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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PM 2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm) samples were collected in the indoor environments of 15 urban homes and their adjacent outdoor environments in Alexandria, Egypt, during the spring time. Indoor and outdoor carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) levels were also measured concurrently. The results showed that indoor and outdoor PM 2.5 concentrations in the 15 sites, with daily averages of 45.5 ± 11.1 and 47.3 ± 12.9 µg/m 3 , respectively, were significantly higher than the ambient 24-hr PM 2.5 standard of 35 µg/m 3 recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The indoor PM 2.5 and CO 2 levels were correlated with the corresponding outdoor levels, demonstrating that outdoor convection and infiltration could lead to direct transportation indoors. Ventilation rates were also measured in the selected residences and ranged from 1.6 to 4.5 hr −1 with median value of 3.3 hr −1 . The indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratios of the monitored homes varied from 0.73 to 1.65 with average value of 0.99 ± 0.26 for PM 2.5 , whereas those for CO 2 ranged from 1.13 to 1.66 with average value of 1.41 ± 0.15. Indoor sources and personal activities, including smoking and cooking, were found to significantly influence indoor levels.Implications: Few studies on indoor air quality were carried out in Egypt, and the scarce data resulted from such studies do not allow accurate assessment of the current situation to take necessary preventive actions. The current research investigates indoor levels of PM 2.5 and CO 2 in a number of homes located in the city of Alexandria as well as the potential contribution from both indoor and outdoor sources. The study draws attention of policymakers to the importance of the establishment of national indoor air quality standards to protect human health and control air pollution in different indoor environments.

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Summary of human responses to ventilation

Cited by 204 publications

References 47 publications

Indoor Air quality related to occupancy at an air-conditioned public building

Indoor Air quality related to occupancy at an air-conditioned public building

Filtration performances of HVAC filters for PM10 and microbial aerosols— Influence of management in a lab-scale air handling unit

Investigation of PM_2.5 and carbon dioxide levels in urban homes

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Summary of human responses to ventilation

Cited by 204 publications

References 47 publications

Indoor Air quality related to occupancy at an air-conditioned public building

Indoor Air quality related to occupancy at an air-conditioned public building

Filtration performances of HVAC filters for PM10 and microbial aerosols— Influence of management in a lab-scale air handling unit

Investigation of PM2.5 and carbon dioxide levels in urban homes

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Product

Resources

About

Investigation of PM_2.5 and carbon dioxide levels in urban homes