Sulphur dioxide discharge from Mount Etna

Haulet, R.; Zettwoog, P.; Sabroux, J. C.

doi:10.1038/268715a0

Cited by 64 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The abundance of sulfur in basaltic magmas varies in the range of 0.06-0.30 wt % [Moore and Fabbi, 1971;Anderson, 1974], and available isotopic data suggest the mantle as the origin [Allard, 1979[Allard, , 1983Faure, 1986]. Hypothesizing complete degassing for these magmas, SO2 data have been utilized to calculate the volumes of the magmas responsible for the observed fluxes [Stoiber and Jepsen, 1973;Haulet et al, 1977]. It is more difficult to apply this procedure to volcanoes with more evolved magmas since (1) the SO2/H2S ratio in the emitted volcanic gases is extremely variable [Matsuo, 1960…”

Section: Volcanic Gas Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total fluxes of sulfur dioxide from the Italian volcanoes Etna, Stromboli, and Vulcano measured by differential absorption lidar and passive differential optical absorption spectroscopy

Edner¹,

Ragnarson²,

Svanberg³

et al. 1994

J. Geophys. Res.

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The total flux of sulfur dioxide from the Italian volcanoes Etna, Stromboli, and Vulcano was determined using the differential absorption lidar technique. The measurements were performed from an oceanographic research ship making traverses under the volcanic plumes with the lidar system sounding vertically. By combining the integrated gas concentration over the plume cross section with wind velocity data, it was possible to determine the total fluxes of SO2 from the three volcanoes, all measured within a 3‐day period in September 1992. We found total fluxes of about 25, 180, and 1300 t/d for Vulcano, Stromboli, and Etna, respectively. These data, collected with an active remote‐sensing technique, were compared with simultaneous recording with passive differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) using the sky radiation as the light source. Since the geometry of the light paths crossing the volcanic plume is not well defined in the passive measurements, a correction to the DOAS data is required. The SO2 results are also compared with previously available data from correlation spectroscopy measurements. Lidar measurements on atomic mercury were also made for the plumes from Stromboli and Vulcano, but the system sensitivity and range only allowed estimates of upper limits for the Hg fluxes.

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Section: Volcanic Gas Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total fluxes of sulfur dioxide from the Italian volcanoes Etna, Stromboli, and Vulcano measured by differential absorption lidar and passive differential optical absorption spectroscopy

Edner¹,

Ragnarson²,

Svanberg³

et al. 1994

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…While C02 is the major component of dry vol-canic gases, its volcanic contribution to the atmospheric COZ budget is negligible at a global scale, and its residence time in the atmosphere is rather long, which explains that the enrichment of COz in volcanic gases is only a few times higher than the atmospheric background. The situation of SO2 is completely different: in effect, the concentration of this gas can be thousands of times higher than that of the ambient atmosphere; moreover its optical properties enable direct remote sensing measurements of the flux emitted by volcanoes (Haulet et al, 1977;Malinconico, 1979;Carbonnelle et al, 1981;Bandy et a1 ., 1982;Casadevall et al, 1983;Stoiber et al, 1983;Martin etal., 1986). The output of other trace elements can then be evaluated by normalization to the SO2 flux (Buat-Menard and Arnold, 1978;Cadle, 1975;Phelan et al, 1982;Casadevall et al, 1984).…”

Section: Subaerial Volcanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile fluxes from volcanoes

Cloarec

Marty

1991

Terra Nova

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Volatile fluxes from Mid Ocean Ridge (MOR) and subaerial volcanism have been estimated or re‐evaluated using several natural tracers‐3He, 210Po, SO2‐and chemical ratios of volatile species in lavas and volcanic gases. These estimates confirm the net predominance of anthropogenic fluxes over volcanic fluxes for CO2, SO2 and trace metals. They also suggest that, while most of the volatiles transferred during MOR volcanism come from the mantle, volatiles stored at the surface of the Earth supply an appreciable fraction of subaerial fluxes and can be the dominant source for some of them. The surface inventory of volatile species cannot result from steady‐state degassing with constant rate and needs much greater fluxes in the past or other volatile supply processes. This inventory is the result of several of the following processes: capture of the solar nebula and its subsequent partial escape, impact degassing of accreting bodies, and, from Archean to present mantle, degasssing through volcanism and associated phenomena, with recycling into the mantle through subduction.

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“…Using COSPEC to make remote measurements of the SO2 fluxes from active volcanoes has become more and more common over the last 15 years [Haulet et al, 1977;Carbonnelle et al, 1978;Malinconico, 1979;Casaderail et al, 1981Casaderail et al, , 1984Casaderail et al, , 1987$toiber et al, 1986;Caltabiano and Romano, 1988a;Ohta et al, 1988;Andres et al, 1989], especially in…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SO₂ flux measurements at Mount Etna (Sicily)

Caltabiano¹,

Romano²,

Budetta³

1994

J. Geophys. Res.

126

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Since 1987, over 220 measurements of the SO2 flux at Mount Etna have been carried out using a correlation spectrometer (COSPEC) with different measuring techniques (mainly with COSPEC mounted on a ground‐based vehicle). This paper reports and analyzes the data obtained between October 1987 and December 1991. During this period, three distinct time intervals characterized by particular SO2 emission patterns were identified. The first interval (A) showed a mean SO2 flux of 5500 t/d associated with relatively quiet summit crater eruptive activity. The second interval (B) included two eruptive periods, September–October 1989 and January–February 1990, associated with high fluxes reaching 10,000–25,000 t/d. The third interval (C) started in concert with a regional earthquake (December 13, 1990) and showed first a decrease and then an increase of SO2 emissions before the onset of the major 1991–1993 flank eruption. Analysis of the data reveals a cyclic pattern to the SO2 emissions over prolonged periods; a nearly constant supply of SO2 from the volcano's main feeder system, especially evident in the long term; a two‐ to fivefold increase above mean flux values (from 10,000 to 25,000 t/d) when occurring with paroxysmal eruptive activity; and minimal flux values (∼1000 t/d) about 1 month prior to important eruptive events.

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Sulphur dioxide discharge from Mount Etna

Cited by 64 publications

References 5 publications

Total fluxes of sulfur dioxide from the Italian volcanoes Etna, Stromboli, and Vulcano measured by differential absorption lidar and passive differential optical absorption spectroscopy

Total fluxes of sulfur dioxide from the Italian volcanoes Etna, Stromboli, and Vulcano measured by differential absorption lidar and passive differential optical absorption spectroscopy

Volatile fluxes from volcanoes

SO₂ flux measurements at Mount Etna (Sicily)

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Sulphur dioxide discharge from Mount Etna

Cited by 64 publications

References 5 publications

Total fluxes of sulfur dioxide from the Italian volcanoes Etna, Stromboli, and Vulcano measured by differential absorption lidar and passive differential optical absorption spectroscopy

Total fluxes of sulfur dioxide from the Italian volcanoes Etna, Stromboli, and Vulcano measured by differential absorption lidar and passive differential optical absorption spectroscopy

Volatile fluxes from volcanoes

SO2 flux measurements at Mount Etna (Sicily)

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SO₂ flux measurements at Mount Etna (Sicily)