Sulfur

Nehb, Wolfgang; Vydra, Karel

doi:10.1002/14356007.a25_507

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Sulfurized olefins (polysulfides), obtained by the treatment of alkenes with elemental sulfur at elevated temperatures (Scheme 1A), are among the most common organosulfur additives to petroleum-derived products 6,7. Polysulfides also figure prominently in the chemistry and biology of Allium species, which include garlic and petiveria (Scheme 1B).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The antioxidant activity of polysulfides: it's radical!

2019

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The antioxidant activity of polysulfides: it's radical!

2019

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“…For large-scale sweetening of natural gas, highly energy-intensive amine-based absorption processes are employed . The resulting acid gas stream is either reinjected into reservoirs or used for sulfur recovery using the Claus process . In order to meet the emission regulations for the off gases from the Claus unit, expensive tail gas treatment such as subdewpoint processes or amine-based absorptive separation is employed .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The resulting acid gas stream is either reinjected into reservoirs or used for sulfur recovery using the Claus process . In order to meet the emission regulations for the off gases from the Claus unit, expensive tail gas treatment such as subdewpoint processes or amine-based absorptive separation is employed . Innovative solutions for these separations are of immense environmental and economic interest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the Transferable Potentials for Phase Equilibria Model for Hydrogen Sulfide

2015

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The transferable potentials for phase equilibria force field is extended to hydrogen sulfide. The pure-component and binary vapor-liquid equilibria with methane and carbon dioxide and the liquid-phase relative permittivity are used for the parametrization of the Lennard-Jones (LJ) and Coulomb interactions, and models with three and four interaction sites are considered. For the three-site models, partial point charges are placed on the sites representing the three atoms, while the negative partial charge is moved to an off-atom site for the four-site models. The effect of molecular shape is probed using either only a single LJ interaction site on the sulfur atom or adding sites also on the hydrogen atoms. This procedure results in four distinct models, but only those with three LJ sites can accurately reproduce all properties considered for the parametrization. These two are further assessed for predictions of the liquid-phase structure, the lattice parameters and relative permittivity for the face-centered-cubic solid, and the triple point. An effective balance between LJ interactions and the dipolar and quadrupolar terms of the first-order electrostatic interactions is struck in order to obtain a four-site model that describes the condensed-phase properties and the phase equilibria with high accuracy.

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“…From the end of last century, to protect the environment and mitigate acid rain, the petrochemical industry has been purifying sulfur-containing petro-products by hydrodesulfurization and the Clause process, thus generating a large amount of elemental sulfur as a by-product (over 60 million tons per year). 1–3 Although a small percentage of sulfur is used to make sulfuric acid, 4 tire rubber, 5 fungicides 6 and fertilizers, 7 the supply of sulfur far exceeds the demand, resulting in millions of tons of sulfur being left unused and thus wasting resources. With the increasing scarcity of oil resources, cheaper crude oil, usually containing more sulfur, is further utilized, leading to an increase in sulfur production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The exploration of the inverse vulcanization mechanism of tung oil by controlling the oxygen and moisture presence during reactions

Lyu

2023

Polymers and Polymer Composites

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Inverse vulcanization is a cost-effective method for producing high sulfur-content copolymers by combining elemental sulfur with organic monomers, which has rapidly gained popularity due to its simplicity of synthesis and wide range of applications. Although numerous examples of sulfur-rich copolymers have been synthesized at different reaction rates and temperatures using various monomers, the precise reaction mechanism remains unclear. In this paper, we used tung oil containing conjugated triene as a monomer to synthesize sulfur-rich copolymers under six different reaction conditions and investigate the effects of oxygen and moisture. Our study, which employed DSC, XRD, 1H NMR, and XPS characterization methods, revealed that oxygen accelerated the reaction rate and decreased the free sulfur content of the products, while moisture shortened the gel times but increased the free sulfur content. These findings confirm that reverse vulcanization involves two simultaneous mechanisms: the free radical mechanism and the anion mechanism. With regard to the radical mechanism, we discuss the source, ease, and reactivity of radicals and show that the creation of radicals depends on the second monomer rather than sulfur. Tung oil not only acts as a comonomer in the reaction but also plays an initiating role in promoting the dissociation of sulfur chains to generate free radicals for addition of non-conjugated double bonds. The effect of the anion mechanism exceeds that of the radical mechanism once certain factors are stimulated, such as the presence of metal ions and sulfide ions. Understanding the detailed mechanisms involved in inverse vulcanization is essential for selecting optimal monomers, which can enhance not only the synthesis process but also the properties of sulfur-rich materials.

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Sulfur

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

The antioxidant activity of polysulfides: it's radical!

The antioxidant activity of polysulfides: it's radical!

Development of the Transferable Potentials for Phase Equilibria Model for Hydrogen Sulfide

The exploration of the inverse vulcanization mechanism of tung oil by controlling the oxygen and moisture presence during reactions

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