Sulfur

Abstract

The sections in this article are Introduction Sulfur and Polysulfide Ions in Solution Nonaqueous Solvents Aqueous Solutions Electroreduction of Sulfur and Redox Properties of Polysulfides “Classical” Nonaqueous Solvents Liquid Ammonia Aqueous Solutions Electrooxidation of Sulfur Applied Electrochemistry Electrosynthesis Batteries, Solar Cells, and Sulfurization Environmental Chemistry Conclusion

Time-Resolved In Situ Spectroelectrochemical Study on Reduction of Sulfur in N,N[sup ʹ]-Dimethylformamide

“…Because low operating voltages are not a problem anymore, the Li/S batteries have recently been reviewed 1,2 and extensive studies have been performed on the electrochemical reduction of sulfur. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Nevertheless, the electrochemical reduction of sulfur used as a cathode reaction has been known to be complicated, and final products as well as reaction paths have not been elucidated.…”

Understanding the Reaction Steps Involving Polysulfides in 1 M LiTFSI in TEGDME : DOL Using Cyclic Voltammetry Experiments and Modelling

“…Our simulation results show that unlike the CVs of Li 2 S 6 in DMF [22] and NH 3 , [23] the R 2 peak of Li 2 S 6 in 1 M LiTFSI in TEGDME : DOL corresponds to the simultaneous reductions of S 6 2− , S 4 * − and S 3 * − . Simulation results have also shown that the increase in the intensity and appearance of CV peaks during the second cycle as in the case of Li 2 S 8 and Li 2 S 6 solutions respectively, are due to the occurrence of additional electrochemical reactions and change in the polysulfide speciation at the end of the first cycle.…”

“…and Levillain et. al ., [23] respectively. The CVs of Li 2 S 6 in DMF consists of two reduction peaks namely R 4 and R 3 which correspond to reductions of S 4 * − and S 3 * − , respectively.…”

“…They proposed a cyclic voltammetry model which considers S 4 * − and S 3 * − as the only reducible polysulfides that produce S 4 2− and S 3 2− respectively, which could then be reoxidized [22] . Levillian et al ., also studied the half CV of Li 2 S 6 in liquid ammonia (NH 3 ) and they were the first to distinguish the peaks corresponding to the reductions of S 3 * − and S 6 2− which produce S 3 2− and S 6 3− , respectively [23] . Recently Mačák et al ., reported a numerical investigation of Li−S batteries using a cyclic voltammetry model in which the porous electrode is simplified to a single particle or a planar electrode [24] .…”