Sulforaphane Regulates Glucose and Lipid Metabolisms in Obese Mice by Restraining JNK and Activating Insulin and FGF21 Signal Pathways

Abstract

The most common complications of obesity are metabolic disorders such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hyperglycemia, and low-grade inflammation. Sulforaphane (SFN) is a hydrolysate of glucosinolate (GLS) that is found in large quantities in cruciferous vegetables. The objective of this research was to evaluate the mechanism by which SFN relieves obesity complications in obese mice. C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet to induce obesity and treated daily with 10 mg/(kg body weight (bw)) SFN for 8 weeks, while a positive control group was treated daily with 300 mg/(kg bw) metformin. Our results indicated that SFN attenuated NAFLD, inflammation, oxidative stress, adipose tissue hypertrophy, and insulin resistance, as well as regulated glucose and lipid metabolism. SFN regulated glucose and lipid metabolism by deactivating c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and blocking the inhibitory effect of the insulin signaling pathway. SFN also regulated glucose metabolism by alleviating fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) resistance. Our research provides an empirical basis for clinical treatment with SFN in obesity.

The protective effects of sulforaphane on high-fat diet-induced metabolic associated fatty liver disease in mice via mediating the FXR/LXRα pathway

“…SFN had been shown to improve many metabolic diseases such as obesity 27 and type 2 diabetes. 38 In our research, we found that the hepatic inflammatory factors (CCL4, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP1, TNF-α), key enzymes (CAT, GSH-PX), antioxidant indexes (MDA, SOD, T-AOC), lipid contents (LDL-C, TG) and serum biochemical parameters (FBG, GOT, GPT, LDL-C, TC, TG) of MAFLD mice were significantly improved.…”

“…Mice were housed in 12 h day and night cycles in which the temperature was maintained at 20–23 °C and the humidity was maintained at 40–70%. Then, all the mice were divided into 4 groups randomly ( n = 8): control group (CN): mice fed with a maintenance diet (Xietong Shengwu Co., Nanjing, China), and given 0.4 ml PBS by gavage once a day; MAFLD group (MA): mice fed with HFD (containing 60% fat for energy, Xietong Shengwu Co., Nanjing, China), and given 0.4 mL PBS by gavage once a day; positive control group (PC): mice fed with HFD, and given 0.4 mL PPC (150 mg per kg bw) by gavage once a day; SFN group (SF): mice fed with HFD and given 0.4 mL SFN (10 mg per kg bw) 27 once a day. The nutritional composition in the maintenance and HFD are shown in Table 1.…”

“…A study has shown that dietary supplementation of fish oil alleviated the rhythmic disorders of methionine metabolism and improved fatty acid metabolism of MAFLD mice, as well as intervening with bile acid metabolism in MAFLD mice. 20 SFN had been shown to improve many metabolic diseases such as obesity 27 and type 2 diabetes. 38 In our research, we found that the hepatic inflammatory factors (CCL4, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP1, TNF-α), key enzymes (CAT, GSH-PX), antioxidant indexes (MDA, SOD, T-AOC), lipid contents (LDL-C, TG) and serum biochemical parameters (FBG, GOT, GPT, LDL-C, TC, TG) of MAFLD mice were significantly improved.…”

Nicotinamide riboside ameliorates high-fructose-induced lipid metabolism disorder in mice via improving FGF21 resistance in the liver and white adipose tissue

“…15,16 Studies have shown that the amelioration of FGF21 resistance can correct the lipid metabolism disorders. 17,18…”

“…15,16 Studies have shown that the amelioration of FGF21 resistance can correct the lipid metabolism disorders. 17,18 Nicotinamide riboside (NR), as a form of vitamin B 3 , is a naturally occurring substance in the human diet. Inside the cells, NR boosts the concentration of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ) through nicotinamide riboside kinase (NRK) and NMN adenylyltransferase (NMNAT).…”