Sulforaphane Modulates Joint Inflammation in a Murine Model of Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-Induced Mono-Arthritis

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by inflammation of one or more joints, and affects ~1% of the adult population worldwide. Sulforaphane (SFN) is a natural compound that has been suggested as an antioxidant. Here, SFN’s effects were evaluated in a murine mono-arthritis model. Mono-arthritis was induced in mice by a single intra-articular injection of Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA-10 µg/joint, in 10 µL) into the ipsilateral joint. The contralateral joint received an equal volume of PBS. On the 4th day post-joint inflammation induction, animals received either SFN (10 mg/kg) or vehicle (3% DMSO in saline), intraperitoneally (i.p.), twice a day for 3 days. Joint swelling and secondary mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia were evaluated over 7 days post-CFA. After this period, animals were culled and their blood and synovial fluid samples were collected for analysis of cell populations, cytokine release and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) activity. Knee joint samples were also collected for histology. SFN reduced joint swelling and damage whilst increasing the recruitment of Ly6C+ and Ly6G+ cells to CFA-injected joints. SFN-treated animals presented down-regulation of CD11b and CD62L on synovial fluid Ly6G+ cells. Synovial fluid samples obtained from CFA-injected joints and plasma samples of SFN-treated mice presented higher levels of IL-6 and increased activity of TrxR, in comparison with controls. These results indicate that SFN reduces knee joint damage by modulating cell activation/migration to the joints, cytokine production and increasing the activity of TrxR, and therefore, may represent an alternative treatment to joint inflammation.

Wogonin ameliorate complete Freund's adjuvant induced rheumatoid arthritis via targeting NF‐κB/MAPK signaling pathway

“…Expressive characteristics such as erythema, redness, and swelling were observed, and the following ranking of arthritis was given: 0 for normal paw; 1 for mild swelling; 2 for inflammation and digit erythema; 3 for severe inflammation and erythema; and 4 for severe distortion and failure to use limb …”

The Glucosinolates: A Sulphur Glucoside Family of Mustard Anti-Tumour and Antimicrobial Phytochemicals of Potential Therapeutic Application

“…Spatial learning and memory dysfunction [135] Chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain [136] Protection of granulosa cells against oxidative stress [137] Cadmium-mediated carcinogenesis [138] Oxidative stress in cultured adult cardiomyocytes [139] Protective effects of glucosinolate hydrolysis products in neurodegenerative diseases [140] Clearance of Amyloid-β and Tau protein in a mouse model of AD [141] Experimental diabetic peripheral neuropathy [142] Joint inflammation in a murine adjuvant-induced mono-arthritis [143] Protection against cognitive impairment in AD-like lesions in diabetes [144] Anti-inflammatory effect of SFN on human THP-1 macrophages in a murine AD model [145] Inhibition of oxidative stress/inflammation improves cardiac function in a Rabbit Model of Chronic Heart Failure [146] Inhibition of class IIa histone deacetylase activity [147] Apoptosis via microtubule disruption in cancer [148] Inhibition of LPS-Induced Inflammation/cytotoxicity/oxidative microglial stress [149] Down-regulation of MAPK/NF-κB signaling in LPS-activated BV-2 microglia [150] Inhibition of oxidative stress in an in vitro model of age-related macular degeneration [151] Modification of Histone H3, unpacking of chromatin, to prime defence [128] Modulation of oxidative stress and inflammation in rats with toxic hepatitis [152] Modulation of oxidative damage in lead exposed rat hippocampus [153] Table 5. Cont.…”

Protein kinase C‐α upregulates sodium channel Nav1.9 in nociceptive dorsal root ganglion neurons in an inflammatory arthritis pain model of rat

“…27 2.6 | Dorsal root ganglion neuronal culture and drug administration On 7th day post-CFA-induced monoarthritis, the knee joint samples were collected, washed in phosphatebuffered saline (PBS), and subject to a standard fixation with 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M PBS for 24 hours at 4°C.…”

“…On 7th day post-CFA-induced monoarthritis, the knee joint samples were collected, washed in phosphatebuffered saline (PBS), and subject to a standard fixation with 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M PBS for 24 hours at 4°C. Samples were further decalcified with 10% EDTA for 2 weeks, 27 dehydrated with a graded ethanol series before subjecting to xylene and embedding in paraffin. Series sections were carried out in frontal, sagittal, and horizontal planes of the embedded samples.…”