Sulfonic acid-functionalized PCP(Cr) catalysts with Cr³⁺ and –SO₃H sites for 5-ethoxymethylfurfural production from glucose

Abstract

The PCP(Cr)-BA catalysts featured porous morphology and dual Cr3+ and –SO3H sites, which enabled the cascade conversion of glucose to EMF. In addition, the as-prepared catalyst exhibited a high stability in the current catalytic system.

Critical Assessment of Reaction Pathways for Next-Generation Biofuels from Renewable Resources: 5-Ethoxymethylfurfural

“…Conversion of disaccharides and polysaccharides containing glucosyl moieties (glucose polymers such as cellobiose, starch, and mannose) into 5-EMF have lower than 40% yields, and similar limitations in yields for glucose have been reported when starch and maltose are used as substrates. 102,118 To synthesize 5-EMF from glucose polymer feedstocks, a multifunctional catalyst is required to promote the cascade reaction of decomposition−dehydration−isomerization of glucose to 5-HMF and etherification of 5-HMF to 5-EMF. Considering that ionic liquids have high basicity that can dissolve raw biomass, the conversion of glucose polymer feedstocks to 5-EMF is a possible research avenue with the ionic liquid being used as an additive in ethanol.…”

“…However, the direct conversion pathway for glucose into a 5-EMF reaction (one-pot, one-step synthesis) is less selective than the conversion pathway of glucose into 5-EMF via fructose (one-pot, two-step synthesis) (Figure ). ,,− In this section, one-step and two-step syntheses of 5-EMF from glucose are reviewed.…”