Sulfonation of Petroleum Feedstocks In a Wiped Film Reactor

Ashcraft, T.L.; Saunders, R.K.

doi:10.2118/80-01-02

Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology

1980

DOI: 10.2118/80-01-02

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Sulfonation of Petroleum Feedstocks In a Wiped Film Reactor

T.L. Ashcraft

R.K. Saunders

Abstract: This paper summarizes the yields of broad-spectrum sulfonates obtained from the sulfonation of selected petroleum fractions using gaseous S03 in a wiped film reactor. Sulfonation is selective toward molecules having more than two aromatic rings. SO,-to-feed ratios well in excess of 1.0 mole S031mole feed aromatics are required to achieve aromatics conversions in excess of 50-70%. Sulfonic acid decomposition with concomitant formation of S02 can significantly reduce sulfonates yield. Sulfonic acid decomposi-tio… Show more

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“…We assume that the reason for the high pH originates from an excess of sodium hydroxide used in the synthesis to neutralize an excess of the free sulfonating agent, i.e., usually acid, to yield a stable product. 2,3…”

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Combined Low Salinity Brine Injection and Surfactant Flooding in Mixed−Wet Sandstone Cores

Alagic¹,

Skauge²

2010

Energy Fuels

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Supporting InformationScreening of surfactant systems. Several anionic surfactants were tested through a series of static phase behavior experiments. Both sec-butanol and iso-amyl alcohol were used separately as cosolvents. We define the aqueous phase as containing surfactant, cosolvent and brine while the oil phase is represented by filtered stock tank oil. Weight fraction ratio between the aqueous phase and the oil phase (w/o) was always kept constant at 1:1. The selection criteria for surfactants were based on earlier studies conducted by Skauge et al. 1 and involve the assessment of surfactant solubility (e.g., precipitation, turbidity and phase separation in dispensed aqueous surfactant solution) and time of formation of microemulsions. Low surfactant and cosolvent concentrations (i.e., up to 1.0 wt%) were able to form stable microemulsions at 0.50 wt% NaCl (termed LS) within a time period of two weeks. Cosolvents are used to enhance the surfactant solubility and to minimize the formation of viscous gels, macroemulsions and liquid crystals assuring fast equilibration times. It is important to note that the surfactant was dismissed from further testing only when the optimal salinity of a surfactant formulation was lower than 0.50 wt% NaCl and when the equilibration time was longer than the time requirement,. The studies did not aim at ultra low interfacial tensions (IFT) at or near optimal salinity, but rather at a moderate reduction in IFT, which may be achieved in Winsor's type I region. Oil and aqueous phase volumes were recorded over time and assumed to reach equilibrium when no further change in volumes was observed. The equilibrated phase behavior test samples had to show clear fluid interfaces indicating complete phase separation without any precipitation of surfactant and the microemulsion phase could not be fully translucent in order to pass the screening criteria.The selected surfactant used further in this study was an internal olefin sulfonate Enordet 0242L (23.4% active matter) received from Shell Chemicals. The final composition of the chemical mixture was as follows: 0.50 wt% NaCl, 1.0 wt% Enordet 0242L, 1.0 wt% iso-amyl alcohol (IAA). In this paper, it will be referred to as low salinity surfactant solution termed LS-S. The results from the phase behavior tests of this surfactant formulation show an optimal salinity at approximately 0.8 wt% NaCl (see Figure 1). Calculated solubilization parameter at optimum is SP * = 4.5. The phase transitions, Winsor I → III and Winsor III → II, were found at approximately 0.65 and 0.95 wt% NaCl, respectively.The selected surfactant formulation was used without any pre-treatment and as received from the supplier. It is important to denote that pH value of the injection solution is high, pH = 11.6. The chemical supplier did not report any addition of alkali additives to the final surfactant product. We assume that the reason for the high pH originates from an excess of sodium hydroxide used in the synthesis to neutralize an excess of the free sulfonating agent...

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Combined Low Salinity Brine Injection and Surfactant Flooding in Mixed−Wet Sandstone Cores

Alagic¹,

Skauge²

2010

Energy Fuels

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Sulfonation of Petroleum Feedstocks In a Wiped Film Reactor

Cited by 1 publication

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Combined Low Salinity Brine Injection and Surfactant Flooding in Mixed−Wet Sandstone Cores

Combined Low Salinity Brine Injection and Surfactant Flooding in Mixed−Wet Sandstone Cores

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