Sulfonated electrospun polystyrene as cation exchange membranes for fuel cells

Jalal, Noor M.; Jabur, Akram R.; Hamza, Mohammed S.; Allami, Shrok

doi:10.1016/j.egyr.2019.11.012

Cited by 33 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The morphology of the polymer brush was observed by a transmission electron microscope (TEM, Jeol 100CX‐II). The sulfonic acid group content was determined by chemical titration 21–22 . TGA was performed using a SDYQ600 TGA apparatus (TA Instruments) under N 2 in the temperature range of 25–800°C with an increasing rate of 10°C/min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sulfonic acid group content was determined by chemical titration. [21][22] TGA was performed using a SDYQ600 TGA apparatus (TA Instruments) under N 2 in the temperature range of 25-800 C with an increasing rate of 10 C/min. The purity of ethyl N-phenylformimidate was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC, LC-20AT, Shimadzu).…”

Section: Characterizationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sulfonated polystyrene brushes grafted onto magnetic nanoparticles as recoverable catalysts for efficient synthesis of ethyl N‐phenylformimidate

Wang

Sun

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this work, the sulfonated polystyrene brushes were grafted onto magnetic nanoparticles to obtain recoverable catalysts for efficient synthesis of ethyl N-phenylformimidate. First, the surface modification of Fe 3 O 4 with a particle size of about 10 nm was performed with the silane coupling agent of vinyl triethoxysilane (SG-151) to obtain Fe 3 O 4 with carbon-carbon double bonds on the surface (SG-Fe 3 O 4). Subsequently, SG-Fe 3 O 4 , styrene (St) and chloromethyl styrene (CMSt) were polymerized to obtain the magnetic chloromethylated polystyrene sphere (SG-Fe 3 O 4 @PS-Cl) with core-shell structure by solution copolymerization. Using St as monomer and SG-Fe 3 O 4 @PS-Cl as macromolecular initiator, the magnetic polystyrene brush of SG-Fe 3 O 4 @PS-PSt was obtained by activated regenerated electron transfer catalyst atom transfer radical polymerization. Finally, SG-Fe 3 O 4 @PS-PSt was sulfonated with sulfuric acid to form a magnetic sulfonated polystyrene brush of SG-Fe 3 O 4 @PS-PSH. SG-Fe 3 O 4 @PS-PSH was used as a recoverable acid catalyst to synthesize ethyl N-phenylformimidate. Due to the high loading of the sulfonic acid group of this catalyst, its added amount was lower than other solid acids such as p-toluenesulfonic acid. The results showed that the catalytic performance of SG-Fe 3 O 4 @PS-PSH was better than p-toluenesulfonic acid and commercial macroporous sulfonic acid resin. The external magnetic field can directly recover SG-Fe 3 O 4 @PS-PSH, simplifying the recovery of catalyst and reducing the catalyst loss. After recycling, the yield of ethyl N-phenylformimidate was not significantly decreased.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characterizationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfonated polystyrene brushes grafted onto magnetic nanoparticles as recoverable catalysts for efficient synthesis of ethyl N‐phenylformimidate

Wang

Sun

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Migration of ions between two electrodes is facilitated by highly aligned orientation of ionic sites on the ion conductive membranes [ 299 ]. For example, electrospun polystyrene membranes modified by post-sulfonation reaction reported by Jalal et al for fuel cells displayed improved ion-exchange capacity (2.857 mmol/g) and proton conductivities (8.8 × 10 −4 S/cm) depending on the sulfonation time [ 301 ].…”

Section: Environmental Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Electrospun Nanomaterials in the Future of Energy and Environment

2021

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Electrospinning is one of the most successful and efficient techniques for the fabrication of one-dimensional nanofibrous materials as they have widely been utilized in multiple application fields due to their intrinsic properties like high porosity, large surface area, good connectivity, wettability, and ease of fabrication from various materials. Together with current trends on energy conservation and environment remediation, a number of researchers have focused on the applications of nanofibers and their composites in this field as they have achieved some key results along the way with multiple materials and designs. In this review, recent advances on the application of nanofibers in the areas—including energy conversion, energy storage, and environmental aspects—are summarized with an outlook on their materials and structural designs. Also, this will provide a detailed overview on the future directions of demanding energy and environment fields.

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“…However, they were reported as membranes for polymer fuel cells with satisfactory cycling characteristics. [33,34] Therefore, this study makes a major contribution to research on the material based on stretched PTFE with implanted sulfonated polystyrene as a cheap alternative to the Nafion membrane in VFB application by demonstrating the material implementation in a VRB prototype. The common procedure of the characterization, stability testing, and cycling in the singlecell VFB was performed for the set of the designed membranes and a Nafion 117 as a reference.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Up to date, composite materials with sulfonated polystyrene (sPS) as a main ion‐transport phase have not been studied deeply for RFB application. However, they were reported as membranes for polymer fuel cells with satisfactory cycling characteristics [33,34] …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Composite Membrane Based on Sulfonated Polystyrene Implanted in a Stretched PTFE Film for Vanadium Flow Batteries

et al. 2020

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The quality of ion-selective membranes determines the efficiency of Vanadium Flow Batteries (VFBs), and alternatives to expensive Nafion™ materials are actively being searched for. One of the membrane architecture approaches is to imitate the Nafion™ structure with two separate phases: a conductive sulfonated polymer and an inner matrix. We introduce a new composite material based on sulfonated styrene polymerized inside the pores of a stretched PTFE matrix. Variation of polystyrene content and a sulfonation degree allowed to obtain membranes with IEC from to 0.96 to 1.84 mmol/g. Balanced vanadium permeability (ca. 5.5 • 10 À 6 cm 2 /min) and proton conductivity (ca. 50 mS/cm) were achieved for the material with 21-23 % polystyrene content and a sulfonation degree up to 94 %. Membranes showed stable cycling with 81 % energy efficiency in a single-cell VFB. This work contributes to the existing knowledge of Nafion alternatives by providing a cheap and scalable method of membrane production.

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Sulfonated electrospun polystyrene as cation exchange membranes for fuel cells

Cited by 33 publications

References 17 publications

Sulfonated polystyrene brushes grafted onto magnetic nanoparticles as recoverable catalysts for efficient synthesis of ethyl N‐phenylformimidate

Sulfonated polystyrene brushes grafted onto magnetic nanoparticles as recoverable catalysts for efficient synthesis of ethyl N‐phenylformimidate

The Role of Electrospun Nanomaterials in the Future of Energy and Environment

A Composite Membrane Based on Sulfonated Polystyrene Implanted in a Stretched PTFE Film for Vanadium Flow Batteries

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