Sulfated tin oxide (STO) – Structural properties and application in catalysis: A review

In this research, a new strategy for synthesis of benzimidazoles via condensing o‐phenylenediamine and substituted aldehydes by adopting prepared sulfated tin oxide as solid heterogenous catalyst in water ethanol system (1:1‐v/v) at reflux condition has been developed. The solid sulfated tin oxide is synthesized and confirmed by XRD, EDS map, SEM images, and FTIR. The reaction is optimized for different solvents and loading of catalyst. The yields of all benzimidazole derivatives are observed in the range of 80–94%. All the synthesized benzimidazoles are analyzed by spectral data. The use of ecologically benign catalyst sulfated tin oxide, solvent system, ample substrate scope with good atom economy, environmental affordability, and easy work up makes this protocol green.

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“…Sulfated tin oxide was synthesized using following literature method . One hundred grams of Stannous chloride was dissolved in 300 mL water.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfated Tin Oxide: An Immensely Potent and Reusable Catalyst for the Synthesis of Benzimidazole Derivatives

Kagne

Niwadange

Kalalawe

et al. 2019

Macromolecular Symposia

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“…30 A Lewis acid is important for the electron-withdrawing effect of HSO 3 À groups that modify the acidity of the SnO 2 catalysts. 10 Since the sulfonated SnO 2 -spc catalyst had the largest formation of super acidic sites as presented in Table 1, it is expected that this catalyst will be effective for the esterication reaction.…”

Section: Characterisation Of the Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 These catalysts are active for biodiesel synthesis up to 80% under specic conditions. Metal oxides are known to possess Lewis-Brønsted acid sites, 9 which are stable in air and heat, 10 and ease of catalyst synthesis. Among the reported metal oxides, tin oxide (SnO 2 ) shows a remarkable catalytic performance in both TG transesterication and FFA esterication.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfonated SnO₂ nanocatalysts via a self-propagating combustion method for esterification of palm fatty acid distillate

et al. 2020

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“…Sulfated tin oxide (hereafter referred to as STO) has tremendous attention during past few years in the fields of catalysis and organic synthesis, owing to its low cost, greater stability, non-corrosive, reuse and recyclability, high efficiency and large surface area. 1 STO possesses both Brønsted acid sites derived from sulfates on the surface of metal oxides, Lewis acid sites derived from metal oxides. Due to which they have been extensively exploited as a solid acid heterogeneous catalyst in a variety of synthetic organic methodologies (Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Sulfated Tin Oxide (STO) in Organic Synthesis - from 2016 to 2021

Varala¹,

Dubasi²

2022

HETEROCYCLES

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In this mini-review, authors have briefed about the applications of sulfated tin oxide (STO) as bifunctional catalyst in various C-C, C-hetero bond formations. Synthesis of biologically relevant pyranoquinolines, benzimidazoles, benzodiazepines, fully substituted pyridines, dihydropyridines and isoxazoles were performed by heterogeneous recyclable and reusable solid acid catalyst, STO. In addition, methodologies such as N-Boc protection of amines, production of renewable less viscous, high-density fuel molecules from α-pinene, selective production of MeCl from CH4, esterification, tert-butylation and conversion of glucose into value added 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, were established by using STO as catalyst. CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Recent applications of STO (During 2016-2021) 2-1. Synthesis of Heterocycles 2-1-1. Synthesis of 2-amino-4H-pyranoquinolines 2-1-2. Synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives 2-1-2-1. Varala and co-workers 2-1-2-2. Munde and co-workers 2-1-3. Synthesis of fully functionalized pyridines 2-1-4. Synthesis of benzimidazoles 2-1-5. Synthesis of 1,5-benzodiazepine derivatives 2-1-6. Synthesis of 4-arylmethylidene-3-substituted-isoxazol-5(4H)-ones 2-2. Miscellaneous reactions 2-2-1. Coupling reactions of α-pinene to produce dimeric hydrocarbon products (fuels) 2-2-2. N-Boc (N-tert-butoxycarbonyl) protection of aliphatic, aromatic and cyclic amines 2-2-3. Gas phase catalytic chlorination of CH4 2-2-4. Esterification of levulinic acid 2-2-5. Esterification of propionic acid 2-2-6. tert-Butylation of phenol 2-2-7. Esterification of free fatty acids (FFA) 2-2-8. Conversion of D-glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) 3. Conclusion

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Sulfated tin oxide (STO) – Structural properties and application in catalysis: A review

Cited by 40 publications

References 70 publications

Sulfated Tin Oxide: An Immensely Potent and Reusable Catalyst for the Synthesis of Benzimidazole Derivatives

Sulfated Tin Oxide: An Immensely Potent and Reusable Catalyst for the Synthesis of Benzimidazole Derivatives

Sulfonated SnO₂ nanocatalysts via a self-propagating combustion method for esterification of palm fatty acid distillate

Applications of Sulfated Tin Oxide (STO) in Organic Synthesis - from 2016 to 2021

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Sulfated tin oxide (STO) – Structural properties and application in catalysis: A review

Cited by 40 publications

References 70 publications

Sulfated Tin Oxide: An Immensely Potent and Reusable Catalyst for the Synthesis of Benzimidazole Derivatives

Sulfated Tin Oxide: An Immensely Potent and Reusable Catalyst for the Synthesis of Benzimidazole Derivatives

Sulfonated SnO2 nanocatalysts via a self-propagating combustion method for esterification of palm fatty acid distillate

Applications of Sulfated Tin Oxide (STO) in Organic Synthesis - from 2016 to 2021

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Sulfonated SnO₂ nanocatalysts via a self-propagating combustion method for esterification of palm fatty acid distillate