Suicide risk in the UK trans population and the role of gender transition in decreasing suicidal ideation and suicide attempt

Abstract

Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to present findings from the Trans Mental Health Study (McNeil et al., 2012) -the largest survey of the UK trans population to date and the first to explore trans mental health and well-being within a UK context. Findings around suicidal ideation and suicide attempt are presented and the impact of gender dysphoria, minority stress and medical delay, in particular, are highlighted. Design/methodology/approach -This represents a narrative analysis of qualitative sections of a survey that utilised both open and closed questions. The study drew on a non-random sample (n ¼ 889), obtained via a range of UK-based support organisations and services. Findings -The study revealed high rates of suicidal ideation (84 per cent lifetime prevalence) and attempted suicide (48 per cent lifetime prevalence) within this sample. A supportive environment for social transition and timely access to gender reassignment, for those who required it, emerged as key protective factors. Subsequently, gender dysphoria, confusion/denial about gender, fears around transitioning, gender reassignment treatment delays and refusals, and social stigma increased suicide risk within this sample. Research limitations/implications -Due to the limitations of undertaking research with this population, the research is not demographically representative. Practical implications -The study found that trans people are most at risk prior to social and/or medical transition and that, in many cases, trans people who require access to hormones and surgery can be left unsupported for dangerously long periods of time. The paper highlights the devastating impact that delaying or denying gender reassignment treatment can have and urges commissioners and practitioners to prioritise timely intervention and support. Originality/value -The first exploration of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt within the UK trans population revealing key findings pertaining to social and medical transition, crucial for policy makers, commissioners and practitioners working across gender identity services, mental health services and suicide prevention.

The impact on relationships following disclosure of transgenderism: a wife's tale

“…Transgender is an umbrella term that describes anyone: ‘…whose gender expression or identity differs from societal expectations of their assigned sex at birth’ (Bailey et al . , p. 209). It has been suggested that the size of the transgender community is ‘difficult to capture’ (Kritz , p. 12) and that data sources estimating the number of adults in this group are very rare (Gates , Harris ).…”

“…The experience of mental health problems by transgender people is significant (Bailey et al 2014). Therefore, the lack of attention to this aspect of health is surprising considering this group also experience high levels of stigmatization and discrimination in society that negatively affects their lives at home, in education and at work (McNeil et al 2012.…”

Self-Reported Changes in Attractions and Social Determinants of Mental Health in Transgender Adults

“…Previous research has indicated that transgender individuals who are farther along in their social gender transition report less distress (Bailey, Ellis, & McNeil, 2014; Blanchard, Steiner, & Clemmensen, 1985; Budge et al, 2013a; 2013b). Therefore, individuals who have socially transitioned might be better emotionally equipped to handle any stigma that may result from experiencing changes in attractions.…”

Suicide in trans populations: A systematic review of prevalence and correlates.

“…Given the structural dominance of gender in society, trans people have a heightened consciousness of the extent to which their bodies and physical presentation do or do not confirm to gender norms. While trans people are at significant risk of transphobic victimisation, recent studies have shown that they have a heightened perception of this risk (Ellis, Bailey & McNeil, 2016) and go to great lengths to avoid being victimised (Ellis, McNeil & Bailey, 2014). In addition to social stigma, there are a number of personal challenges that trans people need to negotiate which also have a negative bearing on mental health and wellbeing.…”