Suggestibility and Individual Differences

Ridley, Anne M.; Gudjónsson, Gisli H.

doi:10.1002/9781118432907.ch5

Cited by 17 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The relationship between memory and suggestibility is complex and complicated. In particular, low memory scores in several studies have been associated with high immediate suggestibility scores and especially with the tendency to accept leading questions, whereas this relationship has not always been found with delayed suggestibility (Ridley and Gudjonsson 2013). In relation to age, significant differences have not always been found (Lee 2004).…”

Section: Interrogative Suggestibility: Gudjonsson and Clarkmentioning

confidence: 94%

Coping Strategies, Immediate and Delayed Suggestibility among Children and Adolescents

Maiorano

Vagni

2020

Social Sciences

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Knowing the factors that influence children’s suggestibility is important in implementing the psychological variables to be evaluated during a forensic evaluation. In the interrogative suggestibility model, coping strategies intervene in determining the acceptance or rejection of the leading question. However, studies that investigated the relationship between interrogative suggestibility and coping strategies had mixed results. Avoidance-oriented coping is associated with high level to immediate suggestibility and problem-focused with low levels. In this study, we measured immediate suggestibility, delayed suggestibility, and coping strategies in a sample of 100 children. We hypothesized that avoidance-oriented coping strategies have a predictive effect in increasing immediate suggestibility levels, in particular avoidance-oriented coping oriented towards the tendency to accept leading questions. No effect of coping strategies was expected on delayed suggestibility. All children completed the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale (GSS 2), a non-verbal IQ test, and the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS). Coping strategies were not related to delayed suggestibility, but avoidance-oriented coping correlated positively with immediate suggestibility. Avoidance-oriented coping emerged as the only significant predictive model for shift and total suggestibility, and its subscale distraction emerged as a predictor for Yield 1 and Yield 2. No predictors emerged for delayed suggestibility. Results are discussed for their theoretical implications.

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Section: Interrogative Suggestibility: Gudjonsson and Clarkmentioning

confidence: 94%

Coping Strategies, Immediate and Delayed Suggestibility among Children and Adolescents

Maiorano

Vagni

2020

Social Sciences

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“…In contrast, delayed suggestibility refers to the extent to which the person subsequently incorporates misleading post-event information into their recollection ("misinformation" effects) (Chrobak & Zaragoza, 2013;Lee, 2004) and broadly follows the experimental paradigm of Loftus et al (1978). It typically involves a three-stage misinformation paradigm (Chrobak & Zaragoza, 2013;Ridley & Gudjonsson, 2013): (a) witnessing an event, (b) being exposed to misleading post-event information, and (c) a test administered after a delay to see whether the misleading post-event information presented earlier becomes incorporated into the interviewees' description of the event. Lee (2004) did not find a significant association between immediate suggestibility, using the GSS 2, and delayed suggestibility using a separate misinformation paradigm with children and adolescents (age range 7 to 17 years).…”

Section: Approaches To Interrogative Suggestibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between trauma symptoms and immediate and delayed suggestibility in children who have been sexually abused

Gudjónsson

Vagni

Maiorano

et al. 2020

Journal Invest Psychology

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There is general absence of research about the relationship between trauma symptoms and immediate and delayed suggestibility in children who have been sexually abused. The participants were 134 children aged between 7 and 17 years with a history of reported sexual abuse. All children completed the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale (2), a non-verbal IQ test, and The University of California at Los Angeles Child/Adolescent Reaction Index for posttraumatic stress (UCLA-PTSD-RI-5). Delayed suggestibility was measured after a 1 week delay. A Hierarchical Regression showed that trauma symptoms accounted overall for 43.4% of the variance in delayed suggestibility after controlling for age, sex, IQ, and immediate recall (a large effect size). There was a small shared variance between trauma and immediate suggestibility (low effect size). The findings strongly suggest that the severity of trauma symptoms impact more on delayed than immediate suggestibility. The theoretical and forensic implications are discussed.

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“…When reviewing the evidence of a relationship between suggestibility and memory distrust, it is important to distinguish between 'immediate' and 'delayed' suggestibility (Ridley & Gudjonsson, 2013). Immediate suggestibility refers to the immediate effects of leading questions and interrogative pressure and is generally measured by the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scales (GSS 1 and GSS 2; Gudjonsson, 1984Gudjonsson, , 1987Gudjonsson, , 1997.…”

Section: False Confessionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 three-stage misinformation paradigm (Chrobak & Zaragoza, 2013;Ridley & Gudjonsson, 2013): (1) witnessing an event, (2) exposure to misleading post-event information, and (3) a delayed test to see if the misleading post-event information presented earlier leads to a suggestible response. Unlike immediate suggestibility it is measured in a subsequent test to that of the initial suggestion (Chrobak & Zaragoza, 2013;Lee, 2004;Loftus, 1979).…”

Section: A C C E P T E D Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory distrust syndrome, confabulation and false confession

Gudjónsson

2017

Cortex

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There are three types of false confessions: 'voluntary', 'pressured-compliant' and 'pressured-internalized'. On the basis of case studies, in the early 1980s Gudjonsson and MacKeith coined the term 'memory distrust syndrome' to describe a condition where people develop profound distrust of their memory and become susceptible to relying on external cues and suggestions from others. Memory distrust can, under certain circumstances, lead to a false confession, particularly of the pressured-internalized type, described as 'confabulation'. This article reviews the evidence for the condition and the psychological mechanism and processes involved. A heuristic model is then presented of a 32 year old man who falsely confessed to murder whilst in police custody. The key elements of the model involve the impact of 'contextual risk factors' (i.e. isolation, long and persistent guilt presumptive interrogation, and high emotional intensity) on 'enduring' vulnerability and 'acute state' factors. The detainee had kept a detailed diary whilst in solitary confinement that provided a unique insight into the gradual development of a memory distrust syndrome, his mental state, and thinking process. This type of false confession is apparently quite rare, but it can occur in intellectually able and educated individuals and involves 'delayed' rather than 'immediate' suggestibility.

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Suggestibility and Individual Differences

Cited by 17 publications

References 41 publications

Coping Strategies, Immediate and Delayed Suggestibility among Children and Adolescents

Coping Strategies, Immediate and Delayed Suggestibility among Children and Adolescents

The relationship between trauma symptoms and immediate and delayed suggestibility in children who have been sexually abused

Memory distrust syndrome, confabulation and false confession

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