The relationship between trauma symptoms and immediate and delayed suggestibility in children who have been sexually abused

Gudjónsson, Gisli H.; Vagni, Monia; Maiorano, Tiziana; Pajardi, Daniela

doi:10.1002/jip.1554

Cited by 14 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(108 reference statements)

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“…In this study, we aimed to illustrate the difficult situation faced by medical staff and emergency workers during phase 1 of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. As described by many studies, not only the direct victims of traumatic events of different nature develop post-traumatic disorder (inter alia, [90][91][92][93][94][95]), but also the medical staff and emergency workers who care for these victims (inter alia, [96][97][98][99]) may develop severe post-traumatic symptoms, as we showed in our study about this health emergency.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

COVID-19: Risk Factors and Protective Role of Resilience and Coping Strategies for Emergency Stress and Secondary Trauma in Medical Staff and Emergency Workers—An Online-Based Inquiry

et al. 2020

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The COVID-19 crisis has placed a heavy burden on medical staff and emergency workers, who may be at risk of developing psychological distress and secondary trauma. Coping and resilience to stress during a pandemic are protective factors that can mitigate the potential adverse psychological effects. Here, we investigated the direct and mediated effects of coping strategies and hardiness on secondary trauma among Italian medical staff (physicians and nurses, n = 140) and emergency workers (firefighters, civil protection, and ambulance personnel, n = 100) involved in the first phase of the pandemic. For this purpose, we collected data from participants through online questionnaires to measure emergency stress, coping strategies, hardiness, and secondary trauma. Other variables analyzed were age, sex, direct contact with COVID-19 patients, and use of personal protective equipment (PPE). We performed a correlational analysis, regressions, and a mediation analysis. The results show that nurses and physicians experienced higher levels of emergency stress than emergency workers. Direct contact with COVID-19 patients, female sex, unexpected events, and lack of PPE were risk factors for emergency stress, while resilience and coping strategies played a protective role. Mediation analysis shows that coping strategies and hardiness are protective factors and reduce the effect of stress on secondary trauma.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

COVID-19: Risk Factors and Protective Role of Resilience and Coping Strategies for Emergency Stress and Secondary Trauma in Medical Staff and Emergency Workers—An Online-Based Inquiry

et al. 2020

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“…Total suggestibility corresponds to the sum of Yield 1 and shift (the maximum score being 35). The agentive procedure of this instrument (Vagni et al 2015;Gudjonsson et al 2016), which has been used in several studies on samples of minors (Gudjonsson et al 2020(Gudjonsson et al , 2021, was administered to measure delayed recall and delayed suggestibility scores.…”

Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, there are studies that have used adult samples with respect to both immediate suggestibility (Gudjonsson 1988;Forrester et al 2001;Howard and Hong 2002;Bain et al 2015) and delayed suggestibility (Zhu et al 2010). Starting from the results of these studies we aimed to analyze the relationship between coping strategies and immediate and delayed suggestibility among children using an additional procedure for measuring suggestibility through the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale (Vagni et al 2015;Gudjonsson et al 2016) as used in several studies on samples of children (Vagni et al 2017(Vagni et al , 2018Maiorano and Vagni 2019;Gudjonsson et al 2020Gudjonsson et al , 2021.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coping Strategies, Immediate and Delayed Suggestibility among Children and Adolescents

Maiorano

Vagni

2020

Social Sciences

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Knowing the factors that influence children’s suggestibility is important in implementing the psychological variables to be evaluated during a forensic evaluation. In the interrogative suggestibility model, coping strategies intervene in determining the acceptance or rejection of the leading question. However, studies that investigated the relationship between interrogative suggestibility and coping strategies had mixed results. Avoidance-oriented coping is associated with high level to immediate suggestibility and problem-focused with low levels. In this study, we measured immediate suggestibility, delayed suggestibility, and coping strategies in a sample of 100 children. We hypothesized that avoidance-oriented coping strategies have a predictive effect in increasing immediate suggestibility levels, in particular avoidance-oriented coping oriented towards the tendency to accept leading questions. No effect of coping strategies was expected on delayed suggestibility. All children completed the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale (GSS 2), a non-verbal IQ test, and the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS). Coping strategies were not related to delayed suggestibility, but avoidance-oriented coping correlated positively with immediate suggestibility. Avoidance-oriented coping emerged as the only significant predictive model for shift and total suggestibility, and its subscale distraction emerged as a predictor for Yield 1 and Yield 2. No predictors emerged for delayed suggestibility. Results are discussed for their theoretical implications.

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“…Delayed suggestibility has been shown to be strongly related with the extent of trauma symptoms in child witnesses to sexual abuse (Gudjonsson et al., 2021). One explanation is that trauma symptoms caused by abusive experiences adversely affect communication, cognitive, social‐emotional, and adaptive behaviour (Bengwasan & Bancual, 2020), which are important during police or judicial questioning (Gudjonsson et al., 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Life adversity, including allegations of sexual abuse, has also been studied in terms of its negative impact on delayed suggestibility (Gudjonsson et al., 2016; Lee, 2004; Vagni et al., 2015). Delayed suggestibility on the GSS 2 is more strongly associated with trauma symptoms in children than immediate suggestibility and accounted for 43% of the variance in delayed suggestibility after adjusting for age, sex and IQ (Gudjonsson et al., 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relative impact of different ‘resistant behavioural responses’ on interrogative suggestibility in children: The powerful contribution of ‘direct explanation’ replies to unanswerable questions

Gudjónsson

Vagni

Maiorano

et al. 2021

Journal Invest Psychology

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The aim of this study was to investigate the different types of resistant behavioural responses to unanswerable questions, their respective individual contribution to the overall variance in resistance efficacy, and their differential protective effect on repeated questioning, interrogative pressure, and delayed suggestibility. The participants were 360 children aged between 7 and 17 years, 180 of whom were suspected victims of sexual abuse and 180 matched peers for age, sex and IQ. All children completed the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale 2. Delayed suggestibility was measured after a 1‐week delay. The findings show that ‘don't know’, ‘direct explanation’, and ‘no’ answers are unrelated response styles that have individual effects on resistance to misleading questions. ‘Direct explanation’ answers are most stable and robust and increase incrementally with age in children, whilst ‘no’ answers decline. The findings suggest that ‘Don't know’, ‘direct explanation’, and ‘no’ answers are driven by different cognitive and social processes.

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The relationship between trauma symptoms and immediate and delayed suggestibility in children who have been sexually abused

Cited by 14 publications

References 57 publications

COVID-19: Risk Factors and Protective Role of Resilience and Coping Strategies for Emergency Stress and Secondary Trauma in Medical Staff and Emergency Workers—An Online-Based Inquiry

COVID-19: Risk Factors and Protective Role of Resilience and Coping Strategies for Emergency Stress and Secondary Trauma in Medical Staff and Emergency Workers—An Online-Based Inquiry

Coping Strategies, Immediate and Delayed Suggestibility among Children and Adolescents

The relative impact of different ‘resistant behavioural responses’ on interrogative suggestibility in children: The powerful contribution of ‘direct explanation’ replies to unanswerable questions

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